英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

pheasant [pheasant 词源字典]: pheasant: [13] Etymologically, the pheasant is a bird from the ‘Phasis’. This was a river in the Caucusus, where the pheasant is supposed according to legend to have originated. The Greeks therefore called it phāsiānós, the ‘Phasian bird’, and the word passed into English via Latin phāsiānus and Anglo-Norman fesaunt.
[pheasant etymology, pheasant origin, 英语词源]
anasarca (n.): "subcutaneous dropsy," late 14c., medical Latin, from Greek ana "up, throughout" (see ana-) + sarx (genitive sarkos) "flesh" (see sarcasm). Abbreviation of Greek phrase hydrops ana sarka "dropsy throughout the flesh."
Anasazi: Name applied by their Navajo neighbors to modern Pueblo peoples of the U.S. southwest, and to various landscape features associated with them, from Navajo anaasazi "ancestors of the enemies." Said to first have been applied to the ancient Pueblo ruins of southwestern United States in the Mesa Verde region c. 1889 by rancher and trader Richard Wetherill, who began exploration of the sites in the area; established in archaeological terminology 1927.
appeasable (adj.): 1540s; see appease + -able. Related: Appeasably.
asafetida (n.): late 14c., from Medieval Latin asa (Latinized from Persian aza "mastic") + foetida, fem. of foetidus "stinking" (see fetid).
asafoetida (n.): alternative spelling of asafetida (q.v.); also see oe.
asap: see a.s.a.p.
basal (adj.): "relating to a base," 1828, from base (n.) + -al (1).
basalt (n.): c. 1600, from Late Latin basaltes, misspelling of Latin basanites "very hard stone," from Greek basanites "a species of slate used to test gold," from basanos "touchstone." Not connected with salt. Said by Pliny ["Historia," 36.58] to be an African word, perhaps Egyptian bauhan "slate." Any hard, very dark rock would do as a touchstone; the assayer compared the streak left by the alleged gold with that of real gold or baser metals. Hence Greek basanizein "to be put to the test, examined closely, cross-examined, to be put to torture."
casaba (n.): 1889, from Kasaba, old name of Turgutlu, in Aegean Turkey, whence the melons were imported to U.S. The old name is literally "the town."
Casablanca: city in Morocco, Spanish, literally "white house" (see casino, blank (adj.)).
Casanova (n.): "man of carnal adventures, connoisseur of seduction," 1888, from Giacomo Girolamo Casanova de Seignalt (1725-1798), the infamous debaucher. His name could be Englished as Jacob Jerome Newhouse, which is somewhat less romantic.
Chickasaw: 1670s, from Chickasaw Chikasha, the people's name for themselves.
defeasance (n.): early 15c., from Anglo-French defesaunce, Old French desfaisance "undoing, destruction," from desfaire (Modern French défaire) "to undo, destroy" (see defeat (v.)). Related: Defease; defeasible.
erasable (adj.): 1829, from erase + -able.
extravasation (n.): "escape of fluid into the tissues after a rupture," 1670s, from Latin extra "outside" (see extra-) + form derived from vas "vessel" (see vas (n.)). Related: Extravasate (1660s).
feasance (n.): "the performance of an obligation," 1530s, from Anglo-French fesance, from Old French faisance "action, deed, enactment," from faisant, present participle of faire "to make, do," from Latin facere (see factitious).
kielbasa (n.): 1951, from Polish kiełbasa "sausage" (Russian kolbasa, Serbo-Croatian kobasica); perhaps from Turkish kulbasti, "grilled cutlet," literally "pressed on the ashes." Or perhaps, via Jewish butchers, from Hebrew kolbasar "all kinds of meat."
lasagna (n.): "pasta cut in long, wide strips; a dish made from this," 1760 (as an Italian word in English), from Italian (plural is lasagne), from Vulgar Latin *lasania, from Latin lasanum "a pot," from Greek lasanon "pot with feet, trivet."
Lhasa apso: type of dog, 1935, from Tibetan, literally "Lhasa terrier," from Lhasa, capital of Tibet.
madrasah (n.): Islamic college, 1620s, from Arabic madrasah, literally "a place of study," from locative prefix ma- + stem of darasa "he read repeatedly, he studied," which is related to Hebrew darash (compare midrash).
malfeasance (n.): 1690s, from French malfaisance "wrongdoing," from malfaisant, from mal- "badly" (see mal-) + faisant, present participle of faire "to do," from Latin facere "to do" (see factitious). Malfeasor "wrong-doer" is attested from early 14c. Related: Malfeasant.
misfeasance (n.): "wrongful exercise of lawful authority or improper performance of a lawful act," 1590s, from Middle French mesfaisance, from mesfaisant, present participle of Old French mesfaire "to misdo," from mes- "wrongly" (see mis- (2)) + faire "to do," from Latin facere "to make, do, perform" (see factitious).
mosasaurus (n.): marine dinosaur, 1830, from Latin Mosa "the river Meuse" + -saurus. the fossils of the ancient reptile were first discovered 1780 near Maastricht, on the Meuse.
Nagasaki: Japanese city, named for its situation, from naga "long" + saki "headland, promontory."
NASA: U.S. space agency, acronym of National Aeronautics and Space Administration, set up in 1958.
nasal (adj.): 1650s, "of the nose," from French nasal, from Latin nasus "nose, the nose, sense of smell," from PIE *nas- (see nose (n.)). Of speech sounds, attested from 1660s. As a noun, "nasal letter or sound," from 1660s. Related: Nasality; nasalization.
nonfeasance (n.): also non-feasance, "failure to do what should be done," 1590s, from non- + feasance.
parasail (n.): 1963, from first element of parachute + sail. As a verb from 1970. Related: Parasailing.
peasant (n.): early 15c., from Anglo-French paisant (mid-14c.), Old French paisent "local inhabitant" (12c., Modern French paysan), earlier paisenc, from pais "country, region" + Frankish suffix -enc "-ing."

Pais is from Late Latin pagensis "(inhabitant) of the district," from Latin pagus "country or rural district" (see pagan). As a style of garment in fashion (such as peasant blouse) from 1953.
peasantry (n.): 1550s, from peasant + -ry.
pheasant (n.): late 13c. (mid-12c. as a surname), from Anglo-French fesaunt, Old French faisan (13c.) "pheasant," from Latin phasianus, from Greek phasianos "a pheasant," literally "Phasian bird," from Phasis, river flowing into the Black Sea in Colchis, where the birds were said to have been numerous. The ph- was restored in English late 14c. (see ph). The excrescent -t is due to confusion with -ant suffix of nouns formed from present participle of verbs in first Latin conjugation (peasant, tyrant, etc.).
phrasal (adj.): 1871, from phrase (v.) + -al (1). Related: Phrasally.
pleasance (n.): late 14c., from Old French plaisance "pleasure, delight, enjoyment," from plaisant (see pleasant).
pleasant (adj.): late 14c. (early 14c. as a surname), from Old French plaisant "pleasant, pleasing, agreeable" (12c.), present participle of plaisir "to please" (see please). Pleasantry has the word's modern French sense of "funny, jocular." Related: Pleasantly.
pleasantry (n.): "sprightly humor in conversation," 1650s, from French plaisanterie "joke, jest; joking, jesting," from plaisant (see pleasant). Related: Pleasantries.
quasar (n.): 1964, from "quas(i-stell)ar radio source" (1963); from quasi- + stellar.
tabula rasa (n.): "the mind in its primary state," 1530s, from Latin tabula rasa, literally "scraped tablet," from which writing has been erased, thus ready to be written on again, from tabula (see table (n.)) + rasa, fem. past participle of radere "to scrape away, erase" (see raze). A loan-translation of Aristotle's pinakis agraphos, literally "unwritten tablet" ("De anima," 7.22).
unappeasable (adj.): 1560s, from un- (1) "not" + appeasable. Related: Unappeasably.
Desolate winds that cry over the wandering sea;
Desolate winds that hover in the flaming West;
Desolate winds that beat the doors of Heaven, and beat
The doors of Hell and blow there many a whimpering ghost;
O heart the winds have shaken, the unappeasable host
Is comelier than candles at Mother Mary's feet.

[W.B. Yeats, "The Unappeasable Host," 1899]
unpleasant (adj.): 1530s, from un- (1) "not" + pleasant (adj.). Related: Unpleasantly.
unpleasantness (n.): 1540s, "state or quality of being unpleasant," from unpleasant + -ness. By 1835 as "a slight quarrel, a minor misunderstanding." The late unpleasantness as a humorously polite Southern description of the American Civil War is attested from 1868.
wasabi (n.): herb root used in cooking, 1903, from Japanese.
Bahasa Indonesia: "The official language of Indonesia", From Malay bahasa 'language'.
madrasa: "A college for Islamic instruction", Arabic, 'school, college', from darasa 'to study'.
garam masala: "A spice mixture used in Indian cookery", From Urdu garam maṣālaḥ, from garam 'hot, pungent' + maṣālaḥ 'spice'.
paranasal: "Located beside the nose; specifically designating, relating to, or involving the sinuses situated beside the nose", Early 20th cent..
masala: "A mixture of ground spices used in Indian cookery", From Urdu maṣālaḥ, based on Arabic maṣāliḥ 'ingredients, materials'.
asarabacca: "A low-growing European evergreen plant of the birthwort family, formerly used in medicine and as an ingredient in snuff", Early 16th century: from Latin asarum (from Greek asaron), probably compounded with a shortened form of another name for the plant in Greek.
oculonasal: "Of, relating to, or affecting the eyes and the nose", Mid 19th cent.; earliest use found in Quain's Elements of Anatomy.
taramasalata: "A pinkish paste or dip made from the roe of certain fish, mixed with olive oil and seasoning", From modern Greek taramas 'roe' (from Turkish tarama, denoting a preparation of soft roe or red caviar) + salata 'salad'.