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duodenum [duodenum 词源字典]: duodenum: [14] The term duodenum, for the first part of the small intestine, originated as a measure of length. It comes from the medieval Latin phrase intestinum duodēnum digitōrum ‘intestine of twelve digits’ – that is, twelve finger-breadths long, or just over 20 centimetres. Latin duodēnī meant literally ‘twelve each’; it was a derivative of duodecim ‘twelve’ (source also of English dozen).
=> dozen[duodenum etymology, duodenum origin, 英语词源]
rhododendron: rhododendron: [17] A rhododendron is etymologically a ‘rose-tree’. The term comes from Greek rhodódendron, a compound formed from rhódon ‘rose’ (apparently a relative of English rose) and déndron ‘tree’ (source of English dendrite [18] and dendrochronology [20]). This denoted the ‘oleander’, an application it retained through Latin rhododendron into English. The first record of its use for the plant we now know as the rhododendron dates from the mid 17th century.
=> rose
rodent: rodent: see rostrum
duodenal (adj.): 1817; see duodenum + -al (1).
duodenum (n.): late 14c., from Medieval Latin duodenum digitorium "space of twelve digits," from Latin duodeni "twelve each." Coined by Gerard of Cremona (d.1187), who translated "Canon Avicennae," a loan-translation of Greek dodekadaktylon, literally "twelve fingers long," the intestine part so called by Greek physician Herophilus (c. 353-280 B.C.E.) for its length, about equal to the breadth of twelve fingers.
loden (n.): "coarse woolen cloth," 1880, from German loden "thick woolen cloth."
Modena: Italian city, the name probably is from a pre-Latin language, but folk etymology connects it with Mutina, epithet of the nymph Lara who was stricken dumb by Zeus in punishment for her loquacity, from Latin mutus. Related: Modenese.
philodendron (n.): 1837, from the Modern Latin genus name (1830), from Greek philodendron, neuter of philodendros "loving trees," from philo- "loving" (see philo-) + dendron "tree" (see dendro-). The plant so called because it clings to trees.
rhododendron (n.): c. 1600, from French rhododendron and directly from Latin rhododendron, from Greek rhododendron, literally "rose-tree," from rhodon "rose" (see rose (n.1)) + dendron "tree" (see dendro-).
rodent (n.): 1835 (as an adjective 1833), from Modern Latin Rodentia, the order name, from Latin rodentem (nominative rodens), present participle of rodere "to gnaw, eat away," from PIE root *red- "to scrape, scratch, gnaw" (cognates: Sanskrit radati "scrapes, gnaws," radanah "tooth;" Latin radere "to scrape;" Welsh rhathu "scrape, polish"). Uncertain connection to Old English rætt (see rat (n.)).
Woden: Anglo-Saxon god, Old English, see Odin.
wooden (adj.): 1530s, from wood (n.) + -en (2). Figurative use by 1560s. Wooden nickel "counterfeit coin, worthless token" is from 1916, American English. Related: Woodenly; woodenness.