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chagrin [chagrin 词源字典]: chagrin: [17] The word chagrin first appeared in French in the 14th century as an adjective, meaning ‘sad, vexed’, a usage at first adopted into English: ‘My wife in a chagrin humour, she not being pleased with my kindness to either of them’, Samuel Pepys’s Diary 6 August 1666. It died out in English in the early 18th century, but the subsequently developed noun and verb have persisted. Etymologists now discount any connection with French chagrin ‘untanned leather’ (source of English shagreen [17]), which came from Turkish sagri.
[chagrin etymology, chagrin origin, 英语词源]
agribusiness (n.): 1955, compound formed from agriculture + business.
agricultural (adj.): 1776, from agriculture + -al (1). Related: Agriculturally; agriculturalist.
agriculture (n.): mid-15c., from Late Latin agricultura "cultivation of the land," compound of agri cultura "cultivation of land," from agri, genitive of ager "a field" (see acre) + cultura "cultivation" (see culture (n.)). In Old English, the idea could be expressed by eorðtilþ.
agriology (n.): study of prehistoric human customs, 1878, from agrio-, from Greek agrios "wild," literally "living in the fields," from agros "field" (see acre) + -logy. Related: Agriologist (n.), 1875.
chagrin (n.): 1650s, "melancholy," from French chagrin "melancholy, anxiety, vexation" (14c.), from Old North French chagreiner or Angevin dialect chagraigner "sadden," which is of unknown origin, perhaps [Gamillscheg] from Old French graignier "grieve over, be angry," from graigne "sadness, resentment, grief, vexation," from graim "sorrowful," which is of unknown origin, perhaps from a Germanic source (compare Old High German gram "angry, fierce"). But OED and other sources trace it to an identical Old French word, borrowed into English phonetically as shagreen, meaning "rough skin or hide," which is of uncertain origin, the connecting notion being "roughness, harshness." Modern sense of "feeling of irritation from disappointment" is 1716.
chagrin (v.): 1660s (implied in chagrined), from chagrin (n.). Related: Chagrined; chagrining.
Magrib: "Barbary," from Arabic Maghrib, literally "the west," from gharaba "(the sun) has set."
agricultural science: "The application of science to agriculture; the field of study concerned with this", Late 18th cent.; earliest use found in The Monthly Review.
pentagrid: "A thermionic valve having five grids; a heptode", 1930s; earliest use found in Wireless World. From penta- + grid.