anaerobic (adj.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict[anaerobic 词源字典]
"capable of living without oxygen," 1879 (as anaerobian; modern form first attested 1884), from French anaérobie, coined 1863 by French bacteriologist Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), from Greek an- "without" (see an- (1)) + aer "air" (see air (n.1)) + bios "life" (see bio-).[anaerobic etymology, anaerobic origin, 英语词源]
antitoxin (n.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
"substance neutralizing poisons," 1892, from anti- + toxin. Coined in 1890 by German bacteriologist Emil von Behring (1854-1917). Antitoxic in this sense is from 1860.
pasteurize (v.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
1881, with -ize, after Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), French chemist and bacteriologist, who invented the process of heating food, milk, wine, etc., to kill most of the micro-organisms in it; distinguished from sterilization, which involves killing all of them. The surname is literally "Pastor." Related: Pasteurized; pasteurizing.
petri dish (n.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
1892, named for German bacteriologist Julius Petri (1852-1922), who first devised it c. 1887.
staphylococcus (n.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
(plural staphylococci), 1887, Modern Latin, the genus name, coined (on model of streptococcus) in 1882 by Scottish surgeon and bacteriologist Alexander Ogston (1844-1929). The first element is from comb. form of Greek staphyle "bunch of grapes," which possibly is from PIE *stabh-, variant of *stebh- "post, stem; to support" (see staff (n.)). The second element is Modern Latin coccus "spherical bacterium," from Greek kokkos "berry, grain" (see cocco-). So called because the bacteria usually bunch together in irregular masses.
tuberculosis (n.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
1860, "disease characterized by tubercules," a medical Latin hybrid, from Latin tuberculum "small swelling, pimple," diminutive of tuber "lump" (see tuber) + -osis, a suffix of Greek origin. So called in reference to the tubercules which form in the lungs. Originally in reference to any disease characterized by tubercules; since the discovery in 1882 of the tubercule bacillus by German bacteriologist Robert Koch (1843-1910) restricted to disease caused by this. Abbreviation T.B. attested from 1912.