英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

antecedent [antecedent 词源字典]: antecedent: see ancestor
[antecedent etymology, antecedent origin, 英语词源]
cede: cede: [17] Cede comes, either directly or via French céder, from Latin cēdere ‘go away, withdraw, yield’. The Latin verb provided the basis for a surprisingly wide range of English words: the infinitive form produced, for instance, accede, concede, precede, proceed, and succeed, while the past participle cessus has given ancestor, cease, excess, recession, etc.
=> accede, ancestor, cease, concession, excess, necessary, proceed, recession, succeed
precede: precede: [14] Precede is one of a large family of English words (including concede, proceed, succeed, and of course cede) which go back ultimately to Latin cēdere ‘go away, withdraw, yield’. In this case the ancestor was Latin praecēdere ‘go before’, a compound verb formed with the prefix prae- ‘before’, which English acquired via Old French preceder. Precedent [15] goes back to the Latin verb’s present participle, precession [16] to the late Latin derivative praecessiō.
=> cede, concede, predecessor, proceed, succeed
abecedary (n.): "primer, alphabet table," mid-15c., from Medieval Latin abecedarium "an ABC book," neuter of adjective abecedarius, used as a noun, from the first four letters of the Latin alphabet. Abecedarian (adj.) is attested from 1660s.
accede (v.): early 15c., from Latin accedere "approach, enter upon," from ad- "to" (see ad-) + cedere "go, move" (see cede). Latin ad- usually became ac- before "k" sounds. Related: Acceded; acceding.
advanced (adj.): 1530s, "far ahead in the course of actions or ideas," past participle adjective from advance (v.). Of studies, from 1790. Military use is from 1795. In late 19c. used especially in reference to views on women's equality.
antecede (v.): early 15c., from Latin antecedere "to go before" (see antecedent). Related: Anteceded; anteceding.
antecedent: late 14c. (n. and adj.), from Old French antecedent (14c.) or directly from Latin antecedentem (nominative antecedens), present participle of antecedere "go before, precede," from ante- "before" (see ante) + cedere "to yield" (see cede). Used as a noun in Latin philosophical writings.
barefaced (adj.): 1580s, "with face uncovered or shaven;" see bare (adj.) + face (n.). Thus, "unconcealed" (c. 1600), and, in a bad sense, "shameless" (1670s). Compare effrontery. The half-French bare-vis (adj.) conveyed the same sense in Middle English.
cedar (n.): Old English ceder, blended in Middle English with Old French cedre, both from Latin cedrus, from Greek kedros "cedar, juniper," origin uncertain. Cedar oil was used by the Egyptians in embalming as a preservative against decay and the word for it was used figuratively for "immortality" by the Romans. Cedar chest attested from 1722. Related: Cedrine.
cede (v.): 1630s, from French céder or directly from Latin cedere "to yield, give place; to give up some right or property," originally "to go from, proceed, leave," from Proto-Italic *kesd-o- "to go away, avoid," from PIE root *sed- (2) "to go, yield" (cognates: Sanskrit sedhati "to drive; chase away;" Avestan apa-had- "turn aside, step aside;" Greek hodos "way," hodites "wanderer, wayfarer;" Old Church Slavonic chodu "a walking, going," choditi "to go"). Related: Ceded; ceding. The sense evolution in Latin is via the notion of "to go away, withdraw, give ground."
cedilla (n.): c. 1600, from Spanish cedilla, zedilla, literally "little z," from a Latin-like diminutive of Greek zeta "the letter 'z'." The mark (formerly also used in Spanish) was derived from that letter and indicates a "soft" sound in letters in positions where normally they have a "hard" sound. See zed.
Cedric: masc. proper name, modern, apparently introduced by Sir Walter Scott (Cedric the Saxon is a character in "Ivanhoe"); apparently a mistake for Old English name Cerdic.
chalcedony (n.): c. 1300, from Latin calcedonius, in Vulgate translating Greek khalkedon in Rev. xxi:19, found nowhere else. Connection with Chalcedon in Asia Minor "is very doubtful" [OED]. The city name is from Phoenician and means "new town."
concede (v.): 1630s, from Middle French concéder or directly from Latin concedere "give way, yield, go away, depart, retire," figuratively "agree, consent, give precedence," from com-, intensive prefix (see com-), + cedere "to go, grant, give way" (see cede). Related: Conceded; conceding.
decedent (n.): 1730, "dead person," mostly as a term in law, from Latin decedentem, present participle of decedere "to die, to depart" (see decease (n.)).
experienced (adj.): "having experience, taught by practice, skillful through doing," 1570s, past participle adjective from experience (v.).
forced (adj.): "not spontaneous or voluntary, strained, unnatural," 1570s, past participle adjective from force (v.). Meaning "effected by an unusual application of force" is from 1590s. Related: Forcedly. The flier's forced landing attested by 1917.
inexperienced (adj.): 1620s, adjective from inexperience.
intercede (v.): 1570s, a back-formation from intercession, or else from Latin intercedere "intervene, come between, be between," from inter- "between" (see inter-) + cedere "go" (see cede). Related: Interceded; interceding.
Lacedaemonian (adj.): 1780, from Latin Lacedaemonius, from Greek Lakedaimonios, from Lakedaimon, an ancient Greek name for Sparta and the district around it.
Macedonia: c. 1300, Macedone, from Latin Macedonius "Macedonian," from Greek Makedones "the Macedonians," literally "highlanders" or "the tall ones," related to makednos "long, tall," makros "long, large" (see macro-). French Macédoine "mixed cut fruit or vegetables" is early 19c., said to be a reference to the diversity of people in Alexander's empire.
Macedonian: c. 1300, from Latin Macedonius (see Macedonia) + -an.
Mercedes: fem. proper name, from Spanish, abbreviation of Maria de las Mercedes "Mary of the Mercies," from plural of merced "mercy, grace," from Latin mercedem (nominative merces); see mercy.
Mercedes-Benz: motorcar brand first marketed 1926 after merger of two earlier companies. The first part of the name, Mercedes, marketed as a car name from 1901, chosen by Austrian manufacturer Emil Jellinek for his daughter, Mercedes (1889-1929). The Benz is from the other company, from name of Karl Benz, creator of the Benz Patent Motorwagen (1886). The surname is built from a familiar form of Berthold, Benedict, or Bernhard.
nuanced (adj.): 1896, past participle adjective from verb nuance (q.v.).
The new co-operative history of English literature which the University of Cambridge is now publishing prints "genre" without italics. And it even permits one contributor--and a contributor who is discussing Shakespeare!--to say that something is delicately "nuanced." Is there now an English verb "to nuance"? It is terrible to think of the bad language the scholars of the venerable English university might have used if "nuanced" had been first discovered in the text of an American author. [Scribner's Magazine," January 1911]
pierced (adj.): c. 1400, past participle adjective from pierce (v.).
practiced (adj.): "expert," 1560s, past participle adjective from practice (v.).
precede (v.): early 15c., "lead the way; occur before," from Middle French preceder and directly from Latin praecedere "to go before," from prae "before" (see pre-) + cedere "to go" (see cede). Meaning "to walk in front of" is late 15c.; that of "to go before in rank or importance" is attested from mid-15c. Related: Preceded; preceding.
precedence (n.): late 15c., "a being a precedent," from precedent (n.) + -ence. Meaning "fact of preceding another, right of preceding another" is from c. 1600.
precedent (n.): early 15c., "case which may be taken as a rule in similar cases," from Middle French precedent, noun use of an adjective, from Latin praecedentum (nominative praecedens), present participle of praecedere "go before" (see precede). Meaning "thing or person that goes before another" is attested from mid-15c. As an adjective in English from c. 1400. As a verb meaning "to furnish with a precedent" from 1610s, now only in past participle precedented.
precedented (adj.): 1650s, past participle adjective from precedent, which is attested as a verb from 1610s.
procedural (adj.): 1876, from procedure + -al (1). Related: Procedurally.
procedure (n.): 1610s, "fact or manner of proceeding," from French procédure "manner of proceeding" (c. 1200), from Old French proceder "to proceed" (see proceed). Meaning "method of conducting business in Parliament" is from 1839.
pronounced (adj.): "spoken," 1570s, past participle adjective from pronounce (v.). Sense of "emphatic" is a figurative meaning first attested c. 1730.
recede (v.): early 15c., from Middle French receder, from Latin recedere "to go back, fall back; withdraw, depart, retire," from re- "back" (see re-) + cedere "to go" (see cede). Related: Receded; receding.
secede (v.): 1702, "to leave one's companions," from Latin secedere "go away, withdraw, separate; rebel, revolt" (see secession). Sense of "to withdraw from a political or religious alliance of union" is recorded from 1755, originally especially in reference to the Church of Scotland. Related: Seceded; seceding; seceder.
shamefaced (adj.): "modest, bashful," 1550s, folk etymology alteration of shamefast, from Old English scamfæst "bashful," literally "restrained by shame," or else "firm in modesty," from shame (n.) + -fæst, adjectival suffix (see fast (adj.)). Related: Shamefacedly; shamefacedness.
shamefaced, -fast. It is true that the second is the original form, that -faced is due to a mistake, & that the notion attached to the word is necessarily affected in some slight degree by the change. But those who, in the flush of this discovery, would revert to -fast in ordinary use are rightly rewarded with the name of pedants .... [Fowler]
straight-faced (adj.): 1938, of persons, "with visage showing no emotion or reaction," from expression keep a straight face (1897), from straight (adj.).
strait-laced (adj.): early 15c., of stays or bodices, "made close and tight;" see strait (adj.) + lace (v.). Figurative sense of "over-precise, prudish, strict in manners or morals" is from 1550s.
succedaneum (n.): "substitute," 1640s, from neuter of Latin succedaneus "succeeding, acting as substitute" (see succeed). Especially of inferior drugs substituted for better ones. Related: Succedaneous.
supercede (v.): see supersede. Related: Superceded; superceding.
two-faced (adj.): also two faced, "deceitful," 1610s; see two + face (n.).
unannounced (adj.): 1775, from un- (1) "not" + past participle of announce (v.).
unbalanced (adj.): 1640s, from un- (1) "not" + past participle of balance (v.). Earliest use is in reference to the mind, judgment, etc. Of material things, it is recorded from 1732.
unconvinced (adj.): 1670s, from un- (1) "not" + past participle of convince (v.). Unconvincing is recorded from 1650s.
unexperienced (adj.): 1560s, from un- (1) "not" + past participle of experience (v.).
unforced (adj.): 1590s, from un- (1) "not" + past participle of force (v.).
uninfluenced (adj.): 1734, from un- (1) "not" + past participle of influence (v.).
unnoticed (adj.): 1720, from un- (1) "not" + past participle of notice (v.).