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discriminate [discriminate 词源字典]: discriminate: see discern
[discriminate etymology, discriminate origin, 英语词源]
criminal (adj.): early 15c., from Middle French criminel (11c.), from Latin criminalis "pertaining to crime," from crimen (genitive criminis); see crime. Preserves the Latin -n-. Criminal law (or criminal justice) distinguished from civil in English at least since late 15c.
criminal (n.): 1620s, from criminal (adj.).
criminality (n.): 1610s, from French criminalité, from Medieval Latin criminalitas, from Latin criminalis (see criminal).
decriminalization (n.): 1945, from de- + criminal + -ization. Especially in reference to narcotics since c. 1968.
decriminalize (v.): 1963, "to reform a criminal," back-formation from decriminalization. Meaning "to make legal something that formerly had been illegal" was in use by 1970 (there are isolated instances back to 1867). Related: Decriminalized; decriminalizing.
discriminate (v.): 1620s, from Latin discriminatus, past participle of discriminare "to divide, separate," from discrimen (genitive discriminis) "interval, distinction, difference," derived noun from discernere (see discern). The adverse (usually racial) sense is first recorded 1866, American English. Positive sense remains in discriminating. Related: Discriminated. Also used 17c. and after as an adjective meaning "distinct."
discriminating (adj.): "possessing discernment," 1792, present participle adjective from discriminate (v.).
discrimination (n.): 1640s, "the making of distinctions," from Late Latin discriminationem (nominative discriminatio), noun of action from past participle stem of discriminare (see discriminate). Especially in a prejudicial way, based on race, 1866, American English. Meaning "discernment" is from 1814.
It especially annoys me when racists are accused of 'discrimination.' The ability to discriminate is a precious facility; by judging all members of one 'race' to be the same, the racist precisely shows himself incapable of discrimination. [Christopher Hitchens]
discriminatory (adj.): 1828; see discriminate + -ory.
incriminate (v.): 1730, back-formation from incrimination or else from Medieval Latin incriminatus, past participle of incriminare "to incriminate," from in- "in" (see in- (2)) + criminare "to accuse of a crime," from crimen (genitive criminis) "crime" (see crime). Related: Incriminated; incriminating.
incrimination (n.): 1650s, noun of action from Medieval Latin incriminare (see incriminate).
indiscriminate (adj.): 1640s, from in- (1) "not, opposite of" + discriminate (adj.).
indiscriminately (adv.): 1650s, from indiscriminate + -ly (2).
recriminate (v.): "return one accusation with another," c. 1600, from Medieval Latin recriminatus, past participle of recriminari "to make charges against," from Latin re- "back, again" (see re-) + criminari "to accuse," from crimen (genitive criminis) "a charge" (see crime). Related: Recriminated; recriminating.
recrimination (n.): 1610s, from French récrimination, from Medieval Latin recriminationem (nominative recriminatio), noun of action from past participle stem of recriminari (see recriminate).
self-incrimination (n.): also self incrimination, 1892, from self- + incrimination.
discriminant: "A distinguishing feature or characteristic", Mid 19th century (in the sense 'showing discernment'): from Latin discriminant- 'distinguishing between', from the verb discriminare (see discriminate).