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grief [grief 词源字典]: grief: [13] ‘Oppressiveness’ is the link between modern English grief and Latin gravis (source of English gravity). The Latin adjective meant ‘heavy, weighty’, and it formed the basis of a verb gravāre ‘weigh upon, oppress’. This passed into Old French as grever ‘cause to suffer, harrass’ (source of English grieve [13]), from which was derived the noun grief or gref ‘suffering, hardship’. Its modern sense, ‘feeling caused by such trouble or hardship, sorrow’, developed in the 14th century.
=> grave, gravity, grieve[grief etymology, grief origin, 英语词源]
grave (n.): "excavation in earth for reception of a dead body," Old English græf "grave; ditch, trench; cave," from Proto-Germanic *graban (cognates: Old Saxon graf, Old Frisian gref, Old High German grab "grave, tomb;" Old Norse gröf "cave," Gothic graba "ditch"), from PIE root *ghrebh- (2) "to dig, to scratch, to scrape" (source also of Old Church Slavonic grobu "grave, tomb"); related to Old English grafan "to dig" (see grave (v.)).
"The normal mod. representation of OE. græf would be graff; the ME. disyllable grave, from which the standard mod. form descends, was prob. due to the especially frequent occurrence of the word in the dat. (locative) case. [OED]
From Middle Ages to 17c., they were temporary, crudely marked repositories from which the bones were removed to ossuaries after some years and the grave used for a fresh burial. "Perpetual graves" became common from c. 1650. Grave-side (n.) is from 1744. Grave-robber attested from 1757. To make (someone) turn in his grave "behave in some way that would have offended the dead person" is first recorded 1888.