crane (n.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict[crane 词源字典]
Old English cran "large wading bird," common Germanic (cognates: Old Saxon krano, Old High German krano, German Kranich, and, with unexplained change of consonant, Old Norse trani), from PIE *gere-no-, suffixed form of root *gere- (2) "to cry hoarsely," also the name of the crane (cognates: Greek geranos, Latin grus, Welsh garan, Lithuanian garnys "heron, stork"). Thus the name is perhaps an echo of its cry in ancient ears. Metaphoric use for "machine with a long arm" is first attested late 13c. (a sense also in equivalent words in German and Greek).[crane etymology, crane origin, 英语词源]
croup (n.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
"coughing illness," 1765, from obsolete verb croup "to cry hoarsely, croak" (1510s), probably echoic. This was the local name of the disease in southeastern Scotland, given wide currency by Dr. Francis Home (1719-1813) of Edinburgh in his 1765 article on it. Related: Croupy.
hoarse (adj.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
late 14c., hors, earlier hos, from Old English has "hoarse," from Proto-Germanic *haisa- (cognates: Old Saxon hes, Old Norse hass, Dutch hees, Old High German heisi, German heiser "hoarse"), perhaps originally meaning "dried out, rough." The -r- is difficult to explain; it is first attested c. 1400, but it may indicate an unrecorded Old English variant *hars. Related: Hoarsely; hoarseness.