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compunction [compunction 词源字典]: compunction: [14] Etymologically, to do something ‘without compunction’ means literally to do it without one’s conscience pricking. The word comes via Old French componction from late Latin compunctiō, a derivative of compungere ‘prick hard’, a compound verb formed from the intensive prefix com- and pungere ‘prick’ (source of English puncture and pungent).
=> puncture, pungent[compunction etymology, compunction origin, 英语词源]
punctuation: punctuation: [16] Punctuation is one of a small family of English words that go back to punctus, the past participle of Latin pungere ‘prick’ (source of English expunge [17], poignant [14], and pungent [16]). They include point, which arrived via Old French; punctilious [17] (which comes via Italian and may be related to pun) and punctual [14], both of them containing the etymological notion of ‘adherence to a precise point’; puncture [14]; punt ‘bet’; and punctuation itself, whose present-day meaning comes from the insertion of ‘points’ or dots into written texts to indicate pauses (also termed pointing from the 15th to the 19th centuries).
=> expunge, poignant, point, pungent, punt
acupuncture (n.): 1680s, "pricking with a needle" to ease pain, from Latin acus "needle" (see acuity) + puncture. The verb is first recorded 1972.
acupuncturist (n.): 1843, from acupuncture + -ist.
compunction (n.): mid-14c., from Old French compunction (12c., Modern French componction), from Late Latin compunctionem (nominative compunctio) "remorse; a pricking" (of conscience), noun of action from past participle stem of Latin compungere "to severely prick, sting," from com-, intensive prefix (see com-), + pungere "to prick" (see pungent). Used in figurative sense by early Church writers. Originally a much more intense feeling, similar to "remorse," or "contrition."
compunctious (adj.): c. 1600, from stem of compunction + -ous. Related: Compunctiously; compunctiousness.
expunction (n.): c. 1600, from Latin expunctionem (nominative expunctio), noun of action from past participle stem of expungere "prick out, blot out, mark for deletion" (see expunge).
interpunction (n.): "punctuation," 1610s, from Latin interpunctionem (nominative interpunctio) "a putting of points between," noun of action from past participle stem of interpungere "to put points between," from inter- (see inter-) + pungere (see pungent).
punctate (adj.): "dotted, marked with dots," 1760, from Modern Latin punctuatus, from Latin punctum "point" (see point). Related: Punctation.
punctilio (n.): 1590s, "point," also "detail of action," from Italian puntiglio or Spanish puntillo, diminutive of punto "point" (see point (n.)).
punctilious (adj.): 1630s, probably from Italian puntiglioso, from puntiglio "fine point," from Latin punctum "prick" (see point (n.)). Related: Punctiliously; punctiliousness.
punctual (adj.): c. 1400, from Medieval Latin punctualis, from Latin punctus "a pricking" (see point (n.)). Originally "having a sharp point; of the nature of a point;" meaning "prompt" first recorded 1670s, from notion of "insisting on fine points." Related: Punctually.
punctuality (n.): "exactness," 1610s; see punctual + -ity. Meaning "promptness" is from 1777.
punctuate (v.): 1630s, "to point out," from Medieval Latin punctuatus, past participle of punctuare, from Latin punctus (see point (n.)). Meaning in reference to text, "to have pauses or stops indicated," is from 1818, probably a back-formation from punctuation. Hence, "interrupted at intervals" (1833). Related: Punctuated; punctuating.
punctuation (n.): 1530s, "pointing of the psalms," from Medieval Latin punctuationem (nominative punctuatio) "a marking with points," noun of action from past participle stem of punctuare "to mark with points or dots," from Latin punctus "a prick" (see point (n.)). Meaning "system of inserting pauses in written matter" is recorded from 1660s.
[P]unctuation is cold notation; it is not frustrated speech; it is typographic code. [Robert Bringhurst, "The Elements of Typographic Style," 2004]
puncture (n.): late 14c., from Late Latin punctura "a pricking," from Latin punctus, past participle of pungere "to prick, pierce" (see pungent).
puncture (v.): 1690s, from puncture (n.). Related: Punctured; puncturing.
unpunctual (adj.): 1740, from un- (1) "not" + punctual (adj.).
acupunctuate: "To prick with a needle or pin; to administer acupuncture to", Mid 19th cent. Probably a back-formation from acupunctuation; compare -ate.