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expurgate [expurgate 词源字典]: expurgate: see pure
[expurgate etymology, expurgate origin, 英语词源]
purchase: purchase: [13] To purchase something is etymologically to ‘hunt it down’. It comes from Old French pourchacier ‘pursue’, hence ‘try to obtain’, a compound verb formed from the intensive prefix pour- and chacier ‘pursue’ (source of English chase). It arrived in English meaning ‘obtain’. This sense had virtually died out by the end of the 17th century, but not before it had evolved in the 14th century to ‘buy’.
=> chase
pure: pure: [13] Pure goes back ultimately to Latin pūrus ‘clean’, a word of ancient ancestry which was related to Sanskrit pūtás ‘purified’. It reached English via Old French pur. Amongst its Latin derivatives were the verbs pūrificāre ‘make pure’, source of English purify [14]; pūrāre ‘make pure’, which became French purer ‘purify, strain’, source of English purée [19]; and pūrigāre, later pūrgāre ‘purify’, source of English expurgate [17] and purge [14].
=> expurgate, purge
purlieu: purlieu: [15] Purlieu has no etymological connection with French lieu ‘place’, which seems to have been grafted on to it in the 16th century in ignorance of its origins. It comes from Anglo-Norman puralee ‘act of walking round’, hence ‘area of land beyond a perimeter fixed by walking round’. This was a noun use of the past participle of Old French pouraler ‘go through, traverse’, a compound verb formed from the prefix pour- ‘round’ and aler ‘go’.
purloin: purloin: see long
purple: purple: [OE] Greek porphúrā, a word of Semitic origin, denoted a sort of shellfish from which a reddish dye was obtained (known as Tyrian purple, because it was produced around Tyre, in what is now Lebanon, it was highly prized in ancient times, and used for dyeing royal garments). It hence came to be used for the dye itself, and for cloth coloured with it, and it passed in this latter sense (with the particular connotation of ‘royal cloth’) via Latin purpura into Old English as purpura. Its derived adjective purpuran became purple by a process known as dissimilation, by which one of two similar speech sounds (here /r/) is altered.
purpose: purpose: [13] Purpose, propose [14], and propound [16] are ultimately the same word. All go back to Latin prōpōnere ‘put forward, declare’, a compound verb formed from the prefix prō- ‘forward’ and pōnere ‘place’ (source of English pose, position, etc). Its past participle prōpositus was the source of two distinct Old French verbs: the minimally altered proposer, source of English propose; and purposer, which contains the Old French descendant of the Latin prefix prō-, source of English purpose. Propound is an alteration of an earlier propone (source of proponent [16]), which was based directly on prōpōnere.
=> pose, position, propose, proponent, propound
purse: purse: [OE] Purse was borrowed into Old English from late Latin bursa (source of English bursar [13] and reimburse [17]), which went back to Greek búrsa. This originally meant ‘skin, leather’, and hence came to be used for ‘wineskin, bag’. The Latin word was also borrowed into the Celtic languages, where it produced Gaelic sporan, source of English sporran.
=> bursar, reimburse, sporran
pursue: pursue: [13] Pursue is first cousin to prosecute. Both go back ultimately to Latin prōsequī ‘follow up, pursue’. This led fairly directly to English prosecute, but it also seems to have had a Vulgar Latin descendant *prōsequere, which passed into English via Old French porsivre and Anglo-Norman pursuer as pursue.
=> prosecute, sue, suit
purvey: purvey: see provide
spur: spur: [OE] Spur goes back ultimately to Indo- European *sper- ‘hit with the foot, kick’ (source also of English spurn [OE], which originally meant literally ‘hit with the foot, trip over’). From it was descended the prehistoric Germanic noun *spuron, which produced German sporn ‘spur’, Dutch spoor ‘track’ (source of English spoor [19]), and Swedish sporre ‘spur’ as well as English spur.
=> spoor, spurn
spurt: spurt: see spit
suppurate: suppurate: see pus
all-purpose (adj.): 1877, from all + purpose (n.).
appurtenance (n.): c. 1300, "right, privilege or possession subsidiary to a principal one," from Anglo-French apurtenance (12c.), Old French apartenance, present participle of apartenir "be related to," from Latin appertinere "to pertain to," from ad- "to" (see ad-) + pertinere "belong to" (see pertain).
appurtenances (n.): "apparatus, gear," late 14c.; see appurtenance.
appurtenant (adj.): late 14c., from Anglo-French apurtenant, Old French apartenant, present participle of apartenir "be related to" (see appurtenance).
cutpurse (n.): "one who steals by the method of cutting purses, a common practice when men wore their purses at their girdles" [Johnson], mid-14c., from cut (v.) + purse (n.). The word continued after the method switched to picking pockets.
expurgate (v.): 1620s, "to purge" (in anatomy), back-formation from expurgation or from Latin expurgatus, past participle of expurgare "to cleanse out, purge, purify." Related: Expurgated; expurgating. The earlier verb was simply expurge (late 15c.), from Middle French expurger. Meaning "remove (something offensive or erroneous) from" is from 1670s.
expurgation (n.): early 15c., "a cleansing from impurity," from Latin expurgationem (nominative expurgatio), noun of action from past participle stem of expurgare "to cleanse out, purge, purify; clear from censure, vindicate, justify," from ex- "out" (see ex-) + purgare "to purge" (see purge (v.)). Sense of "a removal of objectionable passages from a literary work" first recorded in English 1610s. Related: Expurgatory.
impure (adj.): mid-15c., from Middle French impur (13c.), from Latin impurus "unclean, filthy, foul," from assimilated form of in- "not, opposite of" (see in- (1)) + purus "pure" (see pure). As a noun from 1784. Related: Impurely.
impurity (n.): mid-15c., "thing which makes or is impure;" c. 1500, "fact or quality of being impure," from Middle French impurité, from impur (see impure). Related: Impurities.
jodhpurs (n.): 1913 (earlier as jodhpur breeches, 1899), from Jodhpur, former state in northwestern India. The city at the heart of the state was founded 1459 by Rao Jodha, a local ruler, and is named for him.
larkspur (n.): type of plant, 1570s, from lark (n.) + spur (n.); so called from resemblance to the bird's large hind claws.
multipurpose (adj.): also multi-purpose, 1935, from multi- + purpose (n.).
pur-: Middle English and Anglo-French perfective prefix, corresponding to Old French por-, pur- (Modern French pour), from Vulgar Latin *por-, variation of Latin pro- "before, for" (see pro-). This is the earliest form of the prefix in English, and it is retained in some words, but in many others it has reverted to Latinate pro-.
Purana: ancient Sanskrit writings of a legendary character, 1690s, from Sanskrit puranah, literally "ancient, former," from pura "formerly, before," cognate with Greek paros "before," pro "before," Avestan paro "before," Old English fore, from PIE *pre-, from root *per- (1) "forward, through" (see per). Related: Puranic.
purblind (adj.): c. 1300, pur blind "entirely blind," as a noun, "a blind person," later "partially blind, blind in one eye" (late 14c.), the main modern sense, from blind (adj.). The first element is sometimes explained as pure (adj.), or as the Anglo-French perfective prefix pur- (see pur-). Sense of "dull" first recorded 1530s.
purchase (v.): c. 1300, "acquire, obtain; get, receive; procure, provide," also "accomplish or bring about; instigate; cause, contrive, plot; recruit, hire," from Anglo-French purchaser "go after," Old French porchacier "search for, procure; purchase; aim at, strive for, pursue eagerly" (11c., Modern French pourchasser), from pur- "forth" (possibly used here as an intensive prefix; see pur-) + Old French chacier "run after, to hunt, chase" (see chase (v.)).

Originally to obtain or receive as due in any way, including through merit or suffering; specific sense of "acquire for money, pay money for, buy" is from mid-14c., though the word continued to be used for "to get by conquest in war, obtain as booty" up to 17c. Related: Purchased; purchasing.
purchase (n.): c. 1300, purchas, "acquisition, gain;" also, "something acquired or received, a possession; property, goods;" especially "booty, spoil; goods gained by pillage or robbery" (to make purchase was "to seize by robbery"). Also "mercenary soldier, one who fights for booty." From Anglo-French purchace, Old French porchaz "acquisition, gain, profit; seizing, plunder; search pursuit, effort," from Anglo-French purchaser, Old French porchacier (see purchase (v.)).

From early 14c. as "endeavor, effort, exertion; instigation, contrivance;" late 14c. as "act of acquiring, procurement." Meaning "that which is bought" is from 1580s. The sense of "hold or position for advantageously applying power" (1711) is extended from the nautical verb meaning "to haul or draw (especially by mechanical power)," often used in reference to hauling up anchors, attested from 1560s. Wif of purchase (early 14c.) was a term for "concubine."
purchaser (n.): c. 1300, from Anglo-French, Old French porchaceor, agent noun from porchacier (see purchase (v.)).
purdah (n.): 1800, from Urdu and Persian pardah "veil, curtain," from Old Persian pari "around, over" (from PIE *per- (1); see per-) + da- "to place", from PIE *dhe- "to set, put" (see factitious).
pure (adj.): c. 1300 (late 12c. as a surname, and Old English had purlamb "lamb without a blemish"), "unmixed," also "absolutely, entirely," from Old French pur "pure, simple, absolute, unalloyed," figuratively "simple, sheer, mere" (12c.), from Latin purus "clean, clear; unmixed; unadorned; chaste, undefiled," from PIE root *peue- "to purify, cleanse" (cognates: Latin putus "clear, pure;" Sanskrit pavate "purifies, cleanses," putah "pure;" Middle Irish ur "fresh, new;" Old High German fowen "to sift").

Replaced Old English hlutor. Meaning "free from moral corruption" is first recorded mid-14c. In reference to bloodlines, attested from late 15c.
pureblood (adj.): 1851, from pure blood (n.), attested from 1751 in reference to breeding, from pure (adj.) + blood (n.). As a noun meaning "a pure-blood animal" from 1882.
purebred (adj.): 1868, from pure + bred.
puree (n.): 1707, from French purée "pea soup" (puree de pois, early 14c.), of uncertain origin, perhaps from past participle of purer "to strain, cleanse," from Latin purare "purify," from purus (see pure).
puree (n.): 1934, from puree (n.). Related: Pureed.
purely (adv.): late 13c., from pure + -ly (2).
purgation (n.): late 14c., "purification from sin," also "discharge of waste," from Old French purgacion "a cleansing," medical or spiritual (12c., Modern French purgation) and directly from Latin purgationem (nominative purgatio) "a cleansing, purging," figuratively "an apology, justification," noun of action from past participle stem of purgare (see purge (v.)).
purgative (adj.): late 14c., from Old French purgatif (14c.) and directly from Late Latin purgativus, from purgat-, past participle stem of Latin purgare (see purge (v.)). The noun is attested from early 15c. (Old English medical texts have clænsungdrenc).
purgatory (n.): c. 1200, from Old French purgatore and directly from Medieval Latin purgatorium (St. Bernard, early 12c.), in Latin, "means of cleansing," noun use of neuter of purgatorius (adj.) "purging, cleansing," from purgat-, past participle stem of Latin purgare (see purge (v.)). Figurative use from late 14c.
purge (v.): c. 1300, "clear of a charge or suspicion;" late 14c., "cleanse, clear, purify," from Anglo-French purger, Old French purgier "wash, clean; refine, purify" morally or physically (12c., Modern French purger) and directly from Latin purgare "cleanse, make clean; purify," especially of the body, "free from what is superfluous; remove, clear away," figuratively "refute, justify, vindicate" (also source of Spanish purgar, Italian purgare), from Old Latin purigare, from purus "pure" (see pure) + root of agere "to drive, make" (see act (n.)). Related: Purged; purging.
purge (n.): 1560s, "that which purges," from purge (v.). Meaning "a purgative, an act of purging" is from 1590s. Political sense from 1730. Earliest sense in English was the now-obsolete one "examination in a legal court" (mid-15c.).
purgery (n.): "bleaching room for sugar," 1847, from French purgerie (1838), from purger (see purge (v.)). For the legal term, see perjury.
purification (n.): late 14c., originally especially in reference to Feast of the Purification of the Virgin Mary, from Old French purificacion, from Latin purificationem (nominative purificatio) "a purifying," noun of action from past participle stem of purificare (see purify). General sense from 1590s.
purifier (n.): late 15c., agent noun from purify; as a type of mechanical apparatus, from 1834.
purify (v.): early 14c., "free from spiritual pollution," from Old French purefier "purify, cleanse, refine" (12c.), from Latin purificare "to make pure," from purus "pure" (see pure) + root of facere "to make" (see factitious). Meaning "free from extraneous matter" is recorded from mid-15c. Related: Purified; purifying.
Purim (n.): Jewish festival on the 14th of Adar (in commemoration of the defeat of Haman's plot), late 14c., from Hebrew purim, literally "lots" (plural of pur), identified with haggoral "the lot" (Esther iii:7, ix:24), perhaps from Akkadian puru "stone, urn," "which itself is prob. a loan word from Sumeric bur" [Klein].
purine (n.): 1898, from German purin (Fischer), said to be from Latin purum, neuter of purus "clean, pure" (see pure) + Modern Latin uricum "uric acid" + chemical suffix -ine (2).
purism (n.): 1803, of language, from French purisme (see purist + -ism). As a movement in art from 1921.