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companion[companion 词源字典]

companion: [13] Etymologically, your companion is someone who shares your ‘bread’ with you. It comes, via Old French compaignon, from Vulgar Latin *compāniō, a compound noun formed from Latin com- ‘with’ and pānis ‘bread’. The Old French stem compaign- also formed the basis of compaignie, from which English gets company [13].

Compare MATE. The companion of companionway ‘stairway on a ship’ [18] is of similar but distinct origin. It comes ultimately from Vulgar Latin *compānia, a compound noun meaning ‘what one eats with bread’, formed from Latin com- ‘with’ and pānis ‘bread’. In Italian this became campagna ‘provisions’, which was used in the phrase camera della campagna ‘(ship’s) storeroom’.

The meaning of the phrase eventually passed to campagna on its own, and was carried via Old French compagne to Dutch kompanje, which meant ‘quarterdeck’. English borrowed this, and adapted it to the more familiar English pattern companion.
=> company, pannier[companion etymology, companion origin, 英语词源]