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extempore [extempore 词源字典]: extempore: [16] An extempore speech is one that is given literally ‘out of time’ – that is, ‘on the spur of the moment’. That was the meaning of the Latin phrase extempore (ex ‘out of’ and tempore, the ablative case of tempus ‘time’), which was the source of the Latin adjectives extemporālis and extemporāneus. Both of these were acquired by English, as extemporal [16] and extemporaneous [17], but only the latter has survived. Ex tempore itself was first lexicalized in English as an adverb, and was not used as an adjective until the 17th century.
[extempore etymology, extempore origin, 英语词源]
temporary: temporary: [16] Temporary was adapted from Latin temporārius, a derivative of tempus ‘time’. The origins of this are not certain, but it could go back ultimately to the prehistoric base *ten- ‘stretch’ (source of English tend, tense, thin, etc), in which case it would denote etymologically a ‘stretch of time’. Other English derivatives include extempore, tempest, temple ‘side of the head’, tempo [18] (via Italian), temporal [14], and tense ‘verb category’.
=> extempore, tempest, temple, tempo, tense
atemporal (adj.): 1870, from a- "not" + temporal. Related: Atemporally.
contemporaneous (adj.): 1650s, from Late Latin contemporaneus "contemporary," from the same source as contemporary but with a form after Late Latin temporaneous "timely." Related: Contemporaneously; contemporaneity.
contemporary (adj.): 1630s, from Medieval Latin contemporarius, from Latin com- "with" (see com-) + temporarius "of time," from tempus "time" (see temporal (v.)). Meaning "modern, characteristic of the present" is from 1866.
contemporary (n.): "one who lives at the same time as another," 1630s, originally cotemporary, from co- + temporary; modified by influence of contemporary (adj.). Replacing native time-fellow (1570s).
extemporaneous (adj.): "made, done, procured, or furnished 'at the time,'" hence "unpremeditated," 1650s, from Medieval Latin extemporaneus, from Latin ex tempore (see extempore). Earlier was extemporal (1560s); extemporanean (1620s). Related: Extemporaneously; extemporaneousness.
extemporary (adj.): c. 1600, from extempore + -ary.
extempore (adv.): 1550s, from Latin phrase ex tempore "offhand, in accordance with (the needs of) the moment," literally "out of time," from ex "out of" (see ex-) + tempore, ablative of tempus (genitive temporis) "time" (see temporal). Of speaking, strictly "without preparation, without time to prepare," but now often with a sense merely of "without notes or a teleprompter." As an adjective and noun from 1630s.
extemporize (v.): 1640s (implied in extemporizing), "to speak ex tempore," from extempore + -ize. Related: Extemporized.
laudator temporis acti: Latin phrase, 1736, from Horace's laudator temporis acti se puero "a praiser of times past when he was a boy" [Ars Poetica, 173].
pro tempore: Latin, literally "for the time (being)." Abbreviated form pro tem is attested by 1828.
temporal (adj.): late 14c., "worldly, secular;" also "terrestrial, earthly; temporary, lasting only for a time," from Old French temporal "earthly," and directly from Latin temporalis "of a time, but for a time, temporary," from tempus (genitive temporis) "time, season, proper time or season," of unknown origin. Related: Temporally.
temporality (n.): late 14c., "temporal power," from Late Latin temporalitas, from temporalis "of a time, but for a time" (see temporal).
temporary (adj.): "lasting only for a time," 1540s, from Latin temporarius "of seasonal character, lasting a short time," from tempus (genitive temporis) "time, season" (see temporal, late 14c., which was the earlier word for "lasting but for a time"). The noun meaning "person employed only for a time" is recorded from 1848. Related: Temporarily; temporariness.
temporize (v.): "to comply with the times; to yield ostensibly to the current of opinion or circumstances," 1550s (implied in temporizer), from Middle French temporiser "to pass one's time, wait one's time" (14c.), from Medieval Latin temporizare "pass time," perhaps via Vulgar Latin *temporare "to delay," from Latin tempus (genitive temporis) "time" (see temporal). Related: Temporized; temporizing.