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Saturday[Saturday 词源字典]

Saturday: [OE] Saturday is etymologically ‘Saturn’s day’. Old English Sæterdæg was short for Sæternes dæg, a translation of Latin Sāturnī diēs ‘Saturn’s day’. Saturn [OE] itself, as the name of both the god and the planet, comes from Latin Sāturnus, which may have been of Etruscan origin. In ancient Rome, the festival held in honour of Saturn, which took place in December, was the occasion for fairly uninhibited revelry.

It was called the Sāturnālia, which English acquired as saturnalia [16]. Those born under Saturn, by contrast, were considered by ancient and medieval astrologers to be of gloomy temperament – hence the adjective saturnine [15].
=> saturn, saturnalia, saturnine[Saturday etymology, Saturday origin, 英语词源]