英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

clan [clan 词源字典]: clan: [14] The immediate source of clan is naturally enough Gaelic, but ultimately it comes, somewhat unexpectedly, from Latin, for etymologically it is the same word as plant. Scots Gaelic clann originally meant ‘offspring’ (hence the modern meaning ‘family group’), and it came from Old Irish cland, a direct borrowing from Latin planta (the Celtic languages of the British Isles tended to change Latin /p/ to /k/).

This was the source of English plant, but it did not then have nearly such a broad application; it meant specifically ‘shoot suitable for planting out’, and the connotations of ‘new growth’ and ‘offspring’ show up in the Gaelic borrowing.
=> plant[clan etymology, clan origin, 英语词源]
date: date: Date ‘time of an event’ and date ‘fruit’ are distinct words in English, and perhaps unexpectedly the latter [13] entered the language a century before the former. It came via Old French date and Latin dactylus from Greek dáktulos, which originally meant literally ‘finger’ or ‘toe’. The term was originally applied from the supposed resemblance of a date to a little brown finger or toe. Date ‘time’ [14] was acquired from Old French date, a descendant of medieval Latin data, which represented a nominal use of the feminine form of Latin datus, the past participle of the verb dare ‘give’.

It originated in such phrases as data Romae ‘given at Rome’, the ancient Roman way of dating letters. (Data ‘information’ [17], on the other hand, is the plural of the neuter form of the past participle, datum.) Among the wide range of other English words descended from Latin dare (which can be traced back ultimately to an Indo- European base *dō-) are antidote [15] (etymologically ‘what is given against something’), condone [19], dado [17] (a borrowing from Italian, ‘cube’), dative [15], donation [15], dice, dowry and endow (both ultimately from Latin dōs ‘dowry’, a relative of dare), edit, and pardon [13].
=> pterodactyl; antidote, condone, data, dative, dice, donation, edit, endow, pardon
encounter (v.): c. 1300, "to meet as an adversary," from Old French encontrer "meet, come across; confront, fight, oppose," from encontre (see encounter (n.)). Weakened sense of "meet casually or unexpectedly" first recorded in English early 16c. Related: Encountered; encountering.
manna (n.): Old English borrowing from Late Latin manna, from Greek manna, from Hebrew man, probably literally "substance exuded by the tamarisk tree," but used in Greek and Latin specifically with reference to the substance miraculously supplied to the Children of Israel during their wandering in the Wilderness (Ex. xvi:15). Meaning "spiritual nourishment" is attested from late 14c. Generalized sense of "something provided unexpectedly" is from 1590s.
occur (v.): 1520s, "meet, meet in argument," from Middle French occurrer "happen unexpectedly" or directly from Latin occurrere "run to meet, run against, befall, present itself," from ob "against, toward" (see ob-) + currere "to run" (see current (adj.)). Sense development is from "meet" to "present itself" to "appear" to "happen" ("present itself in the course of events"). Meaning "to come into one's mind" is from 1620s. Related: Occurred; occurring.
salty (adj.): mid-15c., "tasting of salt, impregnated with salt," from salt (n.) + -y (2). Meaning "racy" is from 1866, from salt in the sense of "that which gives life or pungency" (1570s, originally of words or wit). Meaning "racy, sexy" is from 1866. U.S. slang sense of "angry, irritated" is first attested 1938 (probably from similar use with regard to sailors, "tough, aggressive," attested by 1920), especially in phrase jump salty "to unexpectedly become enraged." Related: Saltily.
silver lining: a "bright side" which proverbially accompanies even the darkest trouble; by 1843, apparently from oft-quoted lines from Milton's "Comus," where the silver lining is the light of the moon shining from behind the cloud.
Was I deceived? or did a sable cloud
Turn forth her silver lining on the night?
I did not err, there does a sable cloud,
Turn out her silver lining on the night
And casts a gleam over this tufted grove.
To which Thomas Warton added the commentary: "When all succour ſeems to be lost, Heaven unexpectedly presents the ſilver lining oſ a ſable cloud to the virtuous."
supprise (n.): mid-15c., "injury, wrong, outrage," from supprise (v.) "overpower, subdue, put down; grieve, afflict" (c. 1400), also "take unawares, attack unexpectedly" (mid-15c.), from Anglo-French supprise, fem. past participle of supprendre, variant of sorprendre (see surprise (n.)). The noun later also had sense "oppression; surprise attack," but perhaps originally was an alternate form of surprise used in a specific sense.
surprise (v.): also formerly surprize, late 14c., "overcome, overpower" (of emotions), from the noun or from Anglo-French surprise, fem. past participle of Old French surprendre (see surprise (n.)). Meaning "come upon unexpectedly" is from 1590s; that of "strike with astonishment" is 1650s.
surprised (adj.): 1610s, "attacked unexpectedly," past participle adjective from surprise (v.). Meaning "excited by something unexpected" is from 1882.
unexpected (adj.): 1580s, from un- (1) "not" + past participle of expect (v.). Related: Unexpectedly.