词根：-ess-, -sent-, -senc-

【词根含义】：存在

【词根来源】：原始印欧语的be动词es-派生的拉丁语be动词为esse。-sent-来源于拉丁语be动词esse的现在分词词干;-senc-来源于esse在拉丁语中派生的词干-sentia;-ess-来源于esse在拉丁语中派生的抽象名词essentia(存在)。

【同源单词】：essence, essential, essentially, absent, assent

词根：est, ess, ent = to be（存在）

  来自拉丁语的esse 意to be。

同源词：

1. disinterested（两人之间不存在什么的dis(=not) + inter(=between) + est(=to be)）
  adj.无私的；公正的；不关心的
  A trial judge is ,ideally,a disinterested party —— an advocate of neither side. 理想状态下，审判官应当是无私的，不支持双方中任何一方。

2. nonentity（不存在 non(=not) + ent(=to be)）
  n.不存在的东西；无足轻重的人
  He's nonentity in the Democratic Party .他在民主党内无足轻重。

3. uninterested
  adj.没有兴趣的；不关心的 *un(=not) ,inter(=between)

4. uninteresting
  adj.无趣的；引不起兴趣的

5. interest
  n.关心；兴趣，趣味；权益；利息；(pl.)利益 v.引起... 的兴趣；引起...的注意 *inter(=between)
  French interests in Algeria 法国在阿尔及利亚的权益
  interest rate 利率
  pay 6% interest on loan 付6%的贷款利息
  annual interest 年利息
  simple /compound interest 单利/复利
  high/low interest 高利/低利

6. interested
  adj.感兴趣的；有利害关系的；有私心的，有偏见的 *inter(=between)
  interested look 感兴趣的表情
  interested spectators 感兴趣的观众们
  interested marriage 利益婚姻
  interested motives 私心

7. interesting
  adj.有趣的；引起兴趣的 *inter(=beween)
  interesting men /books /conversation 有趣的人/书/谈话

8. intestine
  n.(pl.)肠 *int(=within)
  small/large intestine 小肠/大肠
  intestinal disorders 肠疾
  intestinal canal 肠道
  intestinal worm 肠内寄生虫
  intestinal fortitude 勇气，毅力

9. essence
  n.本质，要素；精髓，（从某种物质中提取出来的）精华；香料
  essence of democracy 民主主义的本质
  in essence 本质上
  meat essences 肉精
  essence of peppermint 薄荷精

10. essential
  adj.必要的，不可缺少的；最重要的；本质的，实质的；基本的；精华的 n.(pl.)本质；要素
  essentially adv. 实质上，本来
  Wanted,a good secretary:experience essential 招聘秘书：要求有经验

11. quintessence
  n.精髓，精华；典型；第五元素（earth,air ,fire,water,aether五要素中的第五项，即aether） *quint(=five)
  quintessence of virtue /politeness 美德的典范/讲礼貌的典范

12. entity
  n.实体（与性质等相对），存在

后缀：-ess [名词后缀]

表示女性（人）或雌性（动物）

citizeness 女公民

manageress 女经理

poetess 女诗人

authoress 女作家

mayoress 女市长，市长夫人

governess 女统治者

Jewess 犹太女人

tailoress 女裁缝

hostess 女主人

murderess 女凶手

shepherdess 牧羊女

goddess 女神

lioness 母狮

leopardess 母豹

eagless 雌鹰

millionairess 女百分富翁

giantess 女巨人

astronautess 女太空人

heiress 女继承人

patroness 女保护人

词根词缀：-ess

【来源及含义】Greek -issa > Late Latin -issa > Old French -esse > Middle English -esse: a suffix that forms nouns meaning a female +++, as in lioness, tigress, heiress, hostess, and sculptress

【相关描述】When -ess is added to a noun ending in -tor, -ter, the vowel before r is generally elided (eliminated or left out), as in actress (actor + -ess); and such a derivative with the ending -tress (often equivalent to French ) is usually considered a reduced form of Latin -trix, -tricem and popularly regarded as the equivalent of -tor + -ess.

In Middle English many words in -esse were adopted from French; such as, countess, duchess, mistress, and princess, or formed on nouns in -er; such as, enchantress and sorceress.

The suffix -ess is diminishing from English usage, with trends or tendencies toward avoiding any unnecessary references to gender or sexual categorizing (feminine or masculine.

The suffixes -er and -or are no longer gender-specific in modern English: an author or manager, like a doctor or writer, may be male or female, so the words authoress and manageress are considered redundant.

Some -ess words remain in use; for example, heiress and actress, although actor is being used more often now for both men and women.

【同源单词】actress, adulteress, adventuress, ancestress, auditress, aviatress