后缀：-ian ①[形容词后缀]

表示属于某国的、某地的，某人的或某宗教的（可兼表示人或语言）

Egyptian 埃及的（人、语）

Mongolian 蒙古的（人、语）

Arabian 阿拉伯的（人）

Oceanian 大洋洲的（人）

Canadian 加拿大的（人）

Washingtonian 华盛顿市（州）的（人）

Shakespearian 莎士比亚的

United Statesian 美国的（人）

Parisian 巴黎的（人）

Athenian 雅典的（人）

Dickensian 狄更斯的

Newtonian 牛顿（学说）的

Christian 基督教的（徒）

②[名词后缀]

表示某种职业、地位或特征的人

grammarian 语法学家

historian 历史学家

guardian 守卫者

civilian 平民

collegian 高等学校学生

comedian 喜剧演员

tragedian 悲剧演员

lilliputian 矮子

词根词缀：phront-, phorntid-; phronemo-, phron-

【来源及含义】Greek: thought, care, attention; think, thinking, contemplation

【相关描述】The Greeks had a word, phrontisterion, to indicate a place for thought and study or a "thinking-shop" (think tank?). Aristophanes (c. 450-c. 380 B.C.), was an Athenian dramatist who is known to have written more than 40 comedies that gave satiric expression to his strong, conservative prejudices against certain trends and personalities in the Athens of his day. It was this Aristophanes who used the Greek equivalent of phrontistery to ridicule the school of Socrates.

The Greek noun was derived from phrontistes (philosopher, profound thinker, one with intellectual pretensions) from the verb phrontizein (to reflect), based on phrontis (thought, reflection). The word phrontist applies to a "deep thinker," a "person involved in study, reflection, meditation," and it, too, in its Greek form, was applied ironically by Aristophanes to Socrates himself.

【同源单词】philophronesis, phronemophobia, phronesis, phronosis, phrontifugic, phrontistery