词根：arch, archy = government, to rule统治
词根arch 来自希腊语的arkhos，一般构成名词，亦可以当词根讲 意为government,to rule。arch 还有chief,first,old的含义。它们属于一对同源异形根，在派生词中，arch 常指统治的人物，作 ruler 统治者讲；而 archy 常指统治这一行为、方式，作rule 管理/管辖/统治或 government 政体讲。同义词根有来自希腊语的cracy/crat 和来自拉丁语的reg。
同源词：
1. anarchy （无政府状态an(=not,without) + arch(=government)）
n.无政府状态；混乱，无秩序
anarchism n.无政府主义
anarchist n.无政府主义者
Without a federal government a nation devolves into anarchy. 若没有联邦政府，国家就会陷入无政府状态。
2. autarchy
n.独裁，专制 *aut<auto(=self),arch(=rule)
3. autarky
n.国家经济的自给自足 *aut<auto(=self),ark<arch(=rule)
4. diarchy
n.两头政治 *di(=two),arch(=rule)
5. matriarch
n.女家长，女族长；女统治者；女负责人世间 *matri(=mother),arch(=rule)
matriarchy n.母系氏族制
matriarchal adj.母系氏族制的
6. monarchy
n.君主政治，君主制；君主国 *mon<mono(=one),arch(=rule)
monarchism n.君主制，君主主义
monarchist n.君主主义者
absolute /despotic monarchy 专制君主制
constitutional /limited monarchy 君主立宪制（政体）
7. monarch
n.君主 *mon<mono(=one),arch(=rule)
monarchic adj.君主的，君主政体的
8. oligarchy
n.寡头政治（<-->polyarchy 多头政治）；寡头政治的国家 *olig(=few),arch(=rule)
oligarch n.寡头统治集团成员
9. patriarch
n.家长，族长；元老，长老；最年长者 *patri(=father),arch(=rule)
patriarchy n.父权制
partiarchal adj.家长的，族长的；德高望重的
10. archangel
n.大天使 *arch (=chief)
11. archbishop
n.大主教，主教长 *arch(=chief)
archbishopric n.大主教的职务、辖区、管辖区
12. archdeacon
n.英国国教的会吏总 *arch(=chief)
archdeaconry n.会吏总的职位、住宅
13. archdiocese
n.大主教（管辖区）*arch(=chief),di<dia(=through),oce<eco(=house)
14. archenemy
n.不共戴天的敌人，主要敌人 *arch(=chief)
15. archetype
n.原型 *arch(=chief)
archetypal n.原型
16. archipelago
n.群岛；有很多岛屿的海；（the A ～）爱琴海 *arch(=chief),pelago(=sea)
17. architect
n.设计师；建筑师；<喻>缔造者 *arch(=chief),tect(=build,carpenter)
naval architect 造船工程师
the (Great) Architect 造物主
the architect of one's own fortunes 自我命运的创造者
18. architecture
n.建筑术；建筑学；建筑风格；结构，构造 *arch(=chief),tect(=build,carpenter)
Romanesque architecture 罗马式的建筑风格
architecture of a novel 小说的结构
19. architectural
adj.建筑学的；建筑术的；建筑的 *arch(=chief),tect(=build,carpenter)
the architectural beauties of a city 城市的建筑美
architectural engineer 建筑工程师
20. archaeology
n.考古学 *arch(=old),ology(=science)
archaeological adj.考古学的
archaeologist n.考古学者
21. archaic
adj.古老的；古式的；古体的 *arch(=old)
22. archives
n.（pl.）档案室，案卷保管处；档案 *arch(=old)
archivist n.档案保管员
词根：arch, archy = ruler, rule, chief, 表示“统治者, 统治, 主要的”
anarchy 无政府状态（an无＋archy）
anarchic 无政府主义的（anarchy+ic）
anarchism 无政府主义的（an无＋arch+ism主义）
partiarch 家长；族长（parti父亲＋arch→父亲统治→家长）
archives 档案（arch+ives表示东西→统治的东西→统治者的文件→档案）
architect 建筑师（archi+tect做→统治〔造房〕的人→建筑师）
architecture 建筑学
词根词缀：algid-
【来源及含义】Latin: cold, chilly; freeze
【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly or indirectly to "winter, freezing, frost, and/or cold": cheimo- (winter, cold); crymo-, krymo- (cold, chill, frost); cryo-, kryo-; (cold, freezing); frigo-, frig- (cold, frost); gel-, gelati- (freeze, frost, congeal); hiber- (winter, wintry); pago- (cold, freezing); psychro- (cold); rhigo- (cold, frost; shiver).
【同源单词】algid, algid malaria, algid stage, algidism, algidity, algidness
词根词缀：cheimo-, cheim-; chimo-, chim-; cheimato-, cheimat-; chimato-, chimat-
【来源及含义】Greek: kheima, winter, frost, winter weather, winter-flowing; by extension, cold, freezing
【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly or indirectly to "winter, freezing, frost, and/or cold": algid- (cold, chilly); crymo-, krymo- (cold, chill, frost); cryo-, kryo-; (cold, freezing); frigo-, frig- (cold, frost); gel-, gelati- (freeze, frost, congeal); hiber- (winter, wintry); pago- (cold, freezing); psychro- (cold); rhigo- (cold, frost; shiver).
【同源单词】brachychimous, brachytheroxerochimous, brachyxerochimous, cheimaphobia, chianophile, chimnophilous
词根词缀：crymo-, crym-, krymo-, krym-
【来源及含义】Greek: cold, frost, chill; freezing
【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly or indirectly to "winter, freezing, frost, and/or cold": algid- (cold, chilly); cheimo-, chimo- (winter, cold); crymo-, krymo- (cold, chill, frost); cryo-, kryo-; (cold, freezing); frigo-, frig- (cold, frost); gel-, gelati- (freeze, frost, congeal); hiber- (winter, wintry); pago- (cold, freezing); psychro- (cold); rhigo- (cold, frost; shiver).
【同源单词】crymnion, crymoanesthesia, crymocolous, crymodinia, crymodynia, crymohemic
词根词缀：cryo-, cry-, kryo-, kry-
【来源及含义】Greek: cold, very cold, freezing; used to describe the effects of low temperatures or activities carried on at a very low temperature
【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly or indirectly to "winter, freezing, frost, and/or cold": algid- (cold, chilly); cheimo-, chimo- (winter, cold); crymo-, krymo- (cold, chill, frost); cryo-, kryo-; (cold, freezing); frigo-, frig- (cold, frost); gel-, gelati- (freeze, frost, congeal); hiber- (winter, wintry); pago- (cold, freezing); psychro- (cold); rhigo- (cold, frost; shiver).
【同源单词】cryalgesia, cryanalgesia, cryanesthesia, cryapodia, cryesthesia, cryoablation
词根词缀：frigo-, frig-
【来源及含义】Latin: cold, frost; freezing
【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly or indirectly to "winter, freezing, frost, and/or cold": algid- (cold, chilly); cheimo-, chimo- (winter, cold); crymo-, krymo- (cold, chill, frost); cryo-, kryo-; (cold, freezing); gel-, gelati- (freeze, frost, congeal); hiber- (winter, wintry); pago- (cold, freezing); psychro- (cold); rhigo- (cold, frost; shiver).
【同源单词】frigid, frigidarium, frigideserta, frigidity, frigidly, frigidness
词根词缀：gel-, gela-, gelati-, gelatino-, geli-, gelo-
【来源及含义】Latin: to freeze; frosting; cold; then, to congeal, and finally: gelatin
【相关描述】Later it came to mean "to congeal"; having to do with "congealing" or with "gelatin, a protein derived from the partial hydrolysis of animal skin, connective tissue, and bone".
Don't confuse words from this Latin element with those from Greek gelo-, geloto-, meaning "laugh, laughing, laughter".
【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly or indirectly to "winter, freezing, frost, and/or cold": algid- (cold, chilly); cheimo-, chimo- (winter, cold); crymo-, krymo- (cold, chill, frost); cryo-, kryo-; (cold, freezing); hiber- (winter, wintry); pago- (cold, freezing); psychro- (cold); rhigo- (cold, frost; shiver).
【同源单词】aerogel, gel, gelase, gelasis, gelate, gelatification
词根词缀：hiber-
【来源及含义】Latin: winter, wintered, wintry; it also refers to: sleep, sleeping; inactive, inactivity; dormant, dormancy [suspended animation or a lack of activity]
【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly or indirectly to "winter, freezing, frost, and/or cold": algid- (cold, chilly); cheimo-, chimo- (winter, cold); crymo-, krymo- (cold, chill, frost); cryo-, kryo-; (cold, freezing); pago- (cold, freezing); psychro- (cold); rhigo- (cold, frost; shiver).
【同源单词】Animals, artificial hibernation, hibernacle, hibernaculum, hibernal, hibernate
词根词缀：pago-, pag- (cold, freezing)
【来源及含义】Greek: cold, frost, freezing; fixed or hardened; united
【相关描述】Be aware that there is another Greek pago- unit that refers to a "peak"; however, it is used by biologists and ecologists in the restricted sense of "foothill".
【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly or indirectly to "winter, freezing, frost, and/or cold": algid- (cold, chilly); cheimo-, chimo- (winter, cold); crymo-, krymo- (cold, chill, frost); cryo-, kryo-; (cold, freezing); psychro- (cold); rhigo- (cold, frost; shiver).
【同源单词】pagon, pagophagia, pagophile, pagophilia, pagophilous, Pagophilus