词根：-pen-

【词根含义】：惩罚;羽毛;尾巴

【词根来源】：“惩罚”的意义来源于希腊语poine(惩罚),拉丁语poena,古法语peine;“羽毛”的意义来源于拉丁语名词penna, pennae, f(羽毛);“尾巴”的意义来源于拉丁语名词pen.is(尾巴)。

【同源单词】：impunity, penal, penalty, penitentiary, punish

词根词缀：-ish

【来源及含义】Old English: a suffix meaning, characteristic of, like, tending to; of or relating to, from; somewhat, approximately; or a verb ending

【相关描述】A suffix used to form adjectives from nouns and from adjectives. It refers to "relation, resemblance, similarity", and sometimes has a diminutive force; such as, "selfish, boyish, brutish; whitish, somewhat white".

A verb ending, originally appearing in certain verbs of French origin; such as, "abolish, cherish, finish, furnish, garnish", and "impoverish".

【同源单词】abolish, accomplish, acutish, admonish, anguish, anguish

词根词缀：poen-, peno-, poino-, poin-, puni-, pain-, penal-, pent-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: pain, punishment, penalty

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references related to "pain, hurt; suffering, injury" word families: -agra; algesi-; algo-; angina-; dolor-; Masochism; noci-; odyno-; pono- (toil, work; pain); Sadism.

【同源单词】counterpunch, impunity, Nemo debet bis puniri pro uno delicto, pain, painful, painfully