词根：clud, clus(clos, clois, claus, clot) = to shut（关闭）

  clud,clus是同源异形根，来源于拉丁动词claudere意为to shut（关闭）。clud来自不定式词干claud,常见于英语动词；clus 来自动名词词干claus,多见于相应的名词和形容词。clos,clois,claus,clot 是它们的变形。

同源词：

1. conclusive（一起关闭的 con<com(=together) + clus(=shut) + -ive）
  adj.决定性的；确凿的；最终的
  conclude v.下结论
  conclusion （conclude 的对应名词：conclus = to conclude 结束，决定；-ion n. = the act or result 表示行为或结果 --> " the act result of concluding 结束，决定的行为或结果" -->）n.结论
  conclusively adv.决定性地，最终地
  The investigator presented conclusive evidence that the criminial was guilty.  那位调查员出示了确凿的证据，证明那个犯人有罪。

2. preclude（事先关上、关押起来pre(=before) + clud(=shut)）(pre预先,提前+clud关闭+e→提前关闭→阻止)
  vt. 阻止，妨碍；排除；防止
  preclusion n.排除；妨碍；防止
  preclusive adj.排除的；妨碍的；防止的
  Some medical conditions preclude getting facial cosmetic surgery. 某些医疗条件妨碍脸部整形手术的进行。

3. recluse（不露面，躲在里面过着封闭的生活 re(=back) + clus(=shut)）
  n.脱离世俗的人；隐遁者
  adj.脱离世俗的，隐遁的
  My aunt is agoraphobic and something of a recluse. 我姑姑有广场恐惧症，活得像个隐士。

4. seclusion（脱离，过着封闭的生活se(=away) + clus(=shut)）
  n.隔绝；隐退，隐遁
  seclude v.隔绝；使隐退 (se分开+clud关闭+e→分开关→隐居的)
  secluded adj.隔绝的；隐退的；偏僻的
  She went into seclusion after the traffic death of her toddler. 自从她那蹒跚学步的孩子死于车祸后，她便过起了隐居的生活。

5. exclude （ex-(=out 外) + clud(=to shut关闭) + -e --> " to shut out 关在外面 " ）
  v.拒绝（接纳）；排斥；排除（可能性）*ex(=out)
  exclusion n.拒绝；排除
  exclude all possibility of doubt 排除一切怀疑的可能性

6. exclusive
  adj.排除的，除外的；孤傲的；（集团、团体）排他的；（商品）独家经营的；独占的，唯一的 *ex(=out)
  exclusively adv.专有地；排他地；独占地
  exclusive economic zone 专属经济区（缩写：EEZ）
  exclusive right 专有权

7. include （in- (= in 内) + clud (= to shut 关闭) + -e -->" to shut in 关闭在内 " -->）
  v.包含，算入 *in(=in)
  inclusion n.包含，算入
  This atlas contains fifty maps,including six of North America. 这本地图册共由50幅地图组成，其中包含6张北美地图。
  postage included 包含邮资

8. including
  prep. 包含，包括 *in(=in)
  There are seven of us including myself. 把我算在内共有7个人。

9. inclusive
  adj. (~of)包括的，包含的
  inclusively adv.包括地，在内地
  five inclusive of the driver 包括司机共5个人

10. disclose (dis分开,打开+clos关闭+e→把关的打开→揭发)
  v.揭露，暴露，揭开，透露；分开 *dis(=not)
  refuse to diclose one's name and address 拒绝透露姓名和地址

11. disclosure
  n.暴露，透露；公开；被揭发的事 *dis(=not)

12. enclose (en进入+clos关闭+e→被关起来→包围)
  v.围绕，（用围墙或栅栏等）围起来；封（信）；放入（纸袋、包裹），封入 *en(=in)
  A check for 50 dollars is enclosed. 附上一张50美元的支票。
  Enclosed please find a check for 50 dollars .  请收下附上的50美元支票。

13. enclosure
  n.围绕；围栏；（特指随信一起）封入；封入之物
  enclosure of common land 用围栏圈起一块公有土地

14. close (close=clos关闭→靠拢→近的→接近)
  v.闭（眼）；关（门、窗等）；收起（伞）；合上（书）；封闭（通道、入口、小孔）；关闭（店铺等）；结束，终止；商定（交易）；靠拢，密集
  n.（期限的）结束，（活动等的）终止；（四周围住的）场地；院子；死胡同
  adj.（空间、时间上）接近的；（关系）密切的，亲密的；（在比赛中）势均力敌的，差异微小的；密集的；缜密的，周密的；吝啬的；（天气）闹热的；（房间等）通风不畅的，（空气）污浊的；隐藏的，非公开的
  adv.接近地；紧密地；紧紧地
  close a deal 成交
  close call/thing/shave 侥幸脱险
  close cut 捷径
  close friend 密友
  close relatives 近亲
  close election/contest/match /finish 势均力敌的选举/竞争/比赛/结局
  You are very close. 你已经接近正确答案了。
  in close order 以密集队形

15. closed
  adj.关闭的，密闭的，密封的；非公开的；排他性的
  Closed today. 今日停业
  closed-door 秘密的，非分开的 <-->open-door 公开的
  closed primary 仅由一个政党的成员参加的预选

16. closing
  adj.结尾的，结束的；闭会的 n.密封，封闭；终结，结束；结算
  closing date 截止时间
  closing address 闭幕词

17. closeness
  n.接近；密集；亲密
  the closeness of a resemblance 非常想像

18. closely
  adv.密集地，紧紧地；接近地；精密地；精密地
  listen closely 倾听
  closely contested election 势均力敌的选举

19. closure (clos关闭+ure表名词→close的名词)
  n.结束；终止；封闭；关闭
  pit closures 闭坑

20. closet (clos关闭+et小东西→关的小东西→壁橱)
  n. 壁橱；（旧用法）私室；书斋；厕所 adj.私人的；空谈的；关起门来的；秘密的
  v.把...引进私室密谈 *et(=small)
  closet thinker/strategist 纸上谈兵的空想家/战略家
  closet theory 空谈理论
  He was closeted with his advisor for two hours. 他和他的导师密谈了两小时。

21. cloture
  n.结束；截止 v.结束辩论 *clot<clos(=shut)

22. cloister
  n.修道院；（修道院、大教堂等的后院围成四角形的）有房顶的回廊；（the ~）隐居生活
  v.使居于修道院中 *clois<clos(=shut)
  live a cloistered life 过修道院的隐居生活

23. clause
  n.（合约、法律文书等的）条目，条款；[语]从句
  penal clause 处罚条款
  clause by clause 逐条地
  subordinate clause 从句

24. claustrophobia
  n.幽闭恐怖（症） *phob(=fear)

25. mare clausum
  n.领海（<-->mare liberum 公海） *mar(=sea)

26. occlude (oc一再+clude=clud关闭→一再关起来不畅通→堵塞)
  v.闭塞,堵塞

词根词缀：phront-, phorntid-; phronemo-, phron-

【来源及含义】Greek: thought, care, attention; think, thinking, contemplation

【相关描述】The Greeks had a word, phrontisterion, to indicate a place for thought and study or a "thinking-shop" (think tank?). Aristophanes (c. 450-c. 380 B.C.), was an Athenian dramatist who is known to have written more than 40 comedies that gave satiric expression to his strong, conservative prejudices against certain trends and personalities in the Athens of his day. It was this Aristophanes who used the Greek equivalent of phrontistery to ridicule the school of Socrates.

The Greek noun was derived from phrontistes (philosopher, profound thinker, one with intellectual pretensions) from the verb phrontizein (to reflect), based on phrontis (thought, reflection). The word phrontist applies to a "deep thinker," a "person involved in study, reflection, meditation," and it, too, in its Greek form, was applied ironically by Aristophanes to Socrates himself.

【同源单词】philophronesis, phronemophobia, phronesis, phronosis, phrontifugic, phrontistery