词根：stinct, sting, stig, sti = to prick, to bind
来自拉丁语的stinct,sting,stig,sti 意为 to prick,to bind。同义词根有来自拉丁语的pung/punct。
（*拉丁语stizein(=to prick) —— 英文根字典）
同源词：
1. extinct（用针刺使没有的ex(=out) + tinct<stinct(=prick)）
adj.不再存在的；消亡了的，灭绝的；（火）熄灭的；废除了的
extinction n.消灭，绝种；（火）熄灭；废止
extinguisher n.灭火器
extinguish v. 熄灭（火）；使消灭
Hundreds of insect species become extinct each year. 每年都有数百种昆虫灭绝。
2. instigate（在里面刺 in(=in) + stig(=prick)）
vt. 煽动；怂恿
instigation n.煽动；教唆，怂恿
instigator n.煽动者；教唆者
The union head instigated the unrest among the workers. 工会的领导者煽动工人动乱。
3. prestigious（事先刺、捆的pre(=before) + stig(=prick,bind)）
adj.有名词的
prestige n.声望，威信
He was hired directly out of law school by a very prestigious law firm. 他一从法学院毕业就被一家知名律师事务所聘用了。
4. extinguish
v.（光、火等）熄灭；使（希望、爱情、热情等）破灭；偿清（债务）*ex(=out),ting<sting(=prick)
5. extinguisher
n.灭火器 *ex(=out),ting<sting(=prick)
6. distinct
adj.清楚的，明白的，清晰的；(~from) 分别的，不同的 *di<dis(=away)
distinctly adv. 清楚地，清晰地
speak distinctly 清楚地说
distinct pronunciation 清晰的发音
Keep the two ideas distinct .将这两个概念区分开来。
7. distinctive
adj.独特的，与众不同的；区别性的，有差异的 *di<dis(=away)
distinctively adv.独特地
distinctive uniform 独特的制服
8. distinction
n.差别；区分；不同点；优越，卓越；荣誉，勋章 *di<dis(=away)
distinction without a difference 名义上的区分，人为的区分（指实际上没有什么区别）
distinction between poetry and prose 诗和散文的不同
writer of distinction 知名作家
academic distinction 学术上的荣誉
9. distinguish
v.区别；识别，辨别；使显示出特色，使区别于；[~oneself] 使杰出，使著名 *di<dis(=away)
distinguish between good and evil 区分善与恶
10. distingushed
adj.著名的；卓著的，杰出的；高贵的 *di<dis(=away)
distinguished career 辉煌的事业
distinguished family 名门望族
distinguished visitors 贵宾
distinguished services 殊勋
11. distinguishable
adj.可以区分的 *di<dis(=away)
hardly distinguishable 难以区分的
12. instinct
n.本能，直觉；天性；天资 adj.充满的 *in(=in)
instinct of self-preservation 自我保护的本能
act on instinct 凭直觉行动
picture instinct with life and beauty 充满活力与美的图画
poem instinct with passion 充满激情的诗篇
13. instinctive
adj. 本能的 *in(=in)
instinctively adv.本能地
have an instinctive dread of fire 天生怕火
14. sting
n.（蜜蜂、黄蜂等昆虫）刺，毒针；（特指荨麻的）剌毛（手指等一碰就分痛）；（被昆虫的针、荨麻等剌伤后的）剌痛；（被叮伤、剌伤的）伤痕；（身心的）剌痛
v.（用针等）刺；螫；刺痛，使疼痛；（身体局部）刺痛；激怒；漫天要价，敲诈
stinger n.痛击；剌人的动物（或植物）；爱挖苦的人，讽剌者；螫针，剌
stingless n. 没有毒（针）的，无剌的
stingray n.黄貂鱼；刺鳐
sting of a scorpion 蝎子的毒剌
sting operation （美国联邦调查局等的）针剌行动
15. stingy
adj.吝啬的
Don't be so stingy with the sugar ! 别因为那点糖显得那么吝啬！
stingy person 吝啬鬼
16. stigma
n.污名，耻辱；烙印；（病的）特征；(pl.)（植物）柱头；（动物）气门
stigma of illegitimacy 私生子的耻辱
17. stigmatize
v.诬蔑；指责
be stigmatized as a coward and a liar 被污蔑是懦夫和说谎的人
18. astigmatism
n.散光，敌视；（镜头的）象散 *a<an(=without,not)
19. stipend
n.（学生、研究生定领取的）生活津贴；（特指牧师的）薪水，薪金 *pend(=pay)
stipendiary adj.领薪金的，有俸给的
20. stimulate
v.刺激；促使；激励
stimulating adj.刺激的；激励的
stimulation n.刺激；激励，鼓舞
21. stimulus
n.刺激（物）；刺激因素；剌毛，针
stimulus to further exertions 激励人更加努力的因素
22. stimulant
n.兴奋剂；兴奋饮料（如咖啡、白兰地等）；刺激（激励）物
adj.使兴奋的；刺激性的
词根：phan (phen, fan) = to show, to appear
词根phan来自于希腊语的phan（英文字根字典：phan来源于希腊语的phantazein） 意为to show , to appear,其元音弱化后变成phen。fan也是其变形，同义词根有来自拉丁语的monstr。
同源词：
1. diaphanous adj.（衣服等的布料）透明的；半透明的；模糊不清的[通过某物可见的 dia(=through + phan (=show,appear)]
The diaphanous curtains are lovely but don't afford much privacy.透明的窗帘虽然好看，但是私密性较差。
2. phantom n.幻影；幽灵；(P~)鬼怪式飞机 adj.幽灵的；幻觉的
phantom ships 幽灵船；phantom order 虚拟订货（政府订购军火等的须经正式批准执行方生效的长期协议）；phantom tumor 幻想瘤；假性瘤
3. phantasm n.幻影；幽灵 [浮在眼前的东西]
phantasmal adj.幻影（似）的；幽灵（似）的；n.phantasmagoria 变幻无常的幻觉（梦中、发高烧时出现）
4. phenom n.（体育界等的）杰出人才 *phen<phan (=appear)
5. phenomenon n.现象；奇才；奇迹 *phen<phan(=appear,show)
6. phenomenal adj.现象的；关于现象的；感觉到的；惊人的，杰出的 *phen<phan(=appear,show)
phenomenal world [哲]现象世界；phenomenal memory 惊人的记忆力
7. phenotype n.[生]表现型（指一个生物体的可观测性状）(genotype遗传型）*phen<phan(=appear,show)
8. fantasia n.幻想曲；集成曲 *fan<phan(=appear,show)
9. fantasy n.空想，幻想；幻想的产物；幻想曲 *phen<phan(=appear,show)
10. fantastic;-tical adj.空想的；怪诞的；（计划、想法等）不现实的；令人吃惊的；极好的 *fan<phan(=appear,show)
Fantastic dreams/shapes/fashions 奇怪的梦/模样/时尚；Christina's a really fantastic girl!克里斯蒂真是个出色的女孩！
11. fancy n.（没有根据的）想像，幻想；爱好，嗜好
adj.空想的，想像的；装饰的；花式的；花哨的；杂色的；别致的；精致的；精选的；
v.空想的，想像；喜欢 *fan<phan(=appear,show)
I have a fancy that she will not come.我猜她不会来了；fancy cake 花式蛋糕；fancy goods 花哨商品；fancy button 装饰性的纽扣；fancy ball/dress化装舞会
12. fanciful adj.陷入空想的，想像的，充满幻想的；不现实的；奇异的 *fan<phan(=appear,show)
fancied adj.空想的，想像的 fancied grievances 无限据的不满
fanciful writer 富于幻想的作家;fanciful drawings 奇异的画
13. fancier n.（附在名词后）爱好者；（展览或观赏型动、植物的）育种者 *fan<phan(=appear,show)
bird/dog/rose fancier 鸟/狗/玫瑰的育种者
14. phase n. 方面；阶段；时期 v.使配合；分段实施 [眼睛所能看到的情况]
词根词缀：chiasto-, chiasm-
【来源及含义】Greek: crossed, laid crosswise
【相关描述】From ciazein to make in the shape of the Greek letter X, chi, the 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet.
【同源单词】chiasm, chiasma, chiasmal, chiasmapexy, chiasmatic cistern, chiasmatypy
词根词缀：hubris-
【来源及含义】Greek: wanton violence, riotousness, insolence; outrage; arrogance
【相关描述】Borrowed from Greek hybristikos, "insolent, wanton", from hybrizein, "to insult, to act outrageously", from hybris, "wanton violence, insolence".
【同源单词】hubris, hubristic, hubristically
词根词缀：phront-, phorntid-; phronemo-, phron-
【来源及含义】Greek: thought, care, attention; think, thinking, contemplation
【相关描述】The Greeks had a word, phrontisterion, to indicate a place for thought and study or a "thinking-shop" (think tank?). Aristophanes (c. 450-c. 380 B.C.), was an Athenian dramatist who is known to have written more than 40 comedies that gave satiric expression to his strong, conservative prejudices against certain trends and personalities in the Athens of his day. It was this Aristophanes who used the Greek equivalent of phrontistery to ridicule the school of Socrates.
The Greek noun was derived from phrontistes (philosopher, profound thinker, one with intellectual pretensions) from the verb phrontizein (to reflect), based on phrontis (thought, reflection). The word phrontist applies to a "deep thinker," a "person involved in study, reflection, meditation," and it, too, in its Greek form, was applied ironically by Aristophanes to Socrates himself.
【同源单词】philophronesis, phronemophobia, phronesis, phronosis, phrontifugic, phrontistery
词根词缀：strab-
【来源及含义】Greek: strabizein > Modern Latin: "to squint"; imperfect focus; eyes deviating inwardly, deviating outwardly, or one eye going to the right and the other eye going to the left
【同源单词】apparent strabismus, horizontal strabismus, microstrabismus, monocular strabismus, nonconcomitant strabismus, periodic strabismus