shock
英 [ʃɒk]
美 [ʃɑk]
- n. 休克；震惊；震动；打击；禾束堆
- vt. 使休克；使震惊；使震动；使受电击；把…堆成禾束堆
- vi. 感到震惊；受到震动；堆成禾束堆
- adj. 浓密的；蓬乱的
- n. (Shock)人名；(英)肖克
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音译“休克”，指医学中一种比较严重的危及生命的身体状态，循环体统不能正常工作，血液无法有效供给重要器官，人也往往会处于昏迷状态。
中文的“休”本意为“停歇”、“中止”，可以让人联想到身体机能暂停，况且古人在绝境时常说“我命休矣”，也会给人一种濒死感。而“克”表示“战胜”，可以引申为“杀”，况且由于五行的生克说，“克”给人一种不祥的感觉。总体而言，“休克”二字怎么看都是大凶之兆，用来翻译这种严重的生理状态也算贴切。
shock 震惊，震动，震荡，休克可能来自中古荷兰语 schokken,摇动，摇晃，猛拉，猛推，来自 Proto-Germanic*skakana,摇动， 颤动，来自 PIE*skek,摇动，摇晃，词源同 shake.引申诸相关词义。
- shock
- shock: English has two words shock in current general usage. Shock ‘heavy blow, unpleasant surprise’ [16] was borrowed from French choc, a derivative of the verb choquer ‘strike’, whose origins are unknown. Shock ‘thick shaggy mass of hair’ [19] is a nominalization of an earlier adjective shock ‘thick and shaggy’ [17], but it is not clear where this came from. It has been linked with the obsolete shough, which referred to a sort of dog, and another possibility is that it is connected with the now little used shock ‘stack of sheaves of corn’ [14]. This was probably borrowed from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German schok.
- shock (n.1)
- 1560s, "violent encounter of armed forces or a pair of warriors," a military term, from Middle French choc "violent attack," from Old French choquer "strike against," probably from Frankish, from a Proto-Germanic imitative base (compare Middle Dutch schokken "to push, jolt," Old High German scoc "jolt, swing").
Meaning "a sudden blow" is from 1610s; meaning "a sudden and disturbing impression on the mind" is from 1705. Sense of "feeling of being (mentally) shocked" is from 1876. Medical sense is attested from 1804 (it also once meant "seizure, stroke," 1794). Shock-absorber is attested from 1906 (short form shocks attested by 1961); shock wave is from 1907. Shock troops (1917) translates German stoßtruppen and preserves the word's original military sense. Shock therapy is from 1917; shock treatment from 1938. - shock (n.2)
- "bundle of grain," early 14c., from Middle Low German schok "shock of corn," originally "group of sixty," from Proto-Germanic *skukka- (cognates: Old Saxon skok, Dutch schok "sixty pieces; shock of corn;" German schock "sixty," Hocke "heap of sheaves"). In 16c.-17c. English the word sometimes meant "60-piece lot," from trade with the Dutch.
- shock (n.3)
- "thick mass of hair," 1819, from earlier shock (adj.) "having thick hair" (1680s), and a noun sense of "lap dog having long, shaggy hair" (1630s), from shough (1590s), the name for this type of dog, which was said to have been brought originally from Iceland; the word is perhaps from the source of shock (n.2), or from an Old Norse variant of shag (n.). Shock-headed Peter was used in 19c. translations for German Struwwelpeter.
- shock (v.1)
- "to come into violent contact, strike against suddenly and violently," 1570s, now archaic or obsolete, from shock (n.1). Meaning "to give (something) an electric shock" is from 1746; sense of "to offend, displease" is first recorded 1690s.
- shock (v.2)
- "arrange (grain) in a shock," mid-15c., from shock (n.2). Related: Shocked; shocking.
- 1. The violence in her tone gave Alistair a shock.
- 她语气之强烈令阿利斯泰尔深感震惊。
来自柯林斯例句
- 2. It was quite a shock to see my face on that screen!
- 从那个屏幕上看到我的脸，真让人惊愕不已。
来自柯林斯例句
- 3. The shock waves yesterday were felt from Las Vegas to San Diego.
- 昨天从拉斯维加斯到圣迭戈都感觉到了这几股冲击波。
来自柯林斯例句
- 4. The documentary left me in a state of shock.
- 那部纪录片使我大为震惊。
来自柯林斯例句
- 5. The shock waves of the earthquake were felt in Teheran.
- 地震带来的冲击波在德黑兰也能感觉到。
来自柯林斯例句
