英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

congratulatory (adj.)[congratulatory 词源字典]: 1520s; see congratulate + -ory.[congratulatory etymology, congratulatory origin, 英语词源]
congregate (v.): mid-15c., from Latin congregatus "flocking together," past participle of congregare "to herd together, collect in a flock, swarm; assemble," from com- "together" (see com-) + gregare "to collect into a flock, gather," from grex (genitive gregis) "a flock" (see gregarious). Related: Congregated; congregating.
congregation (n.): mid-14c., "a gathering, assembly," from Old French congregacion (12c., Modern French congrégation), from Latin congregationem (nominative congregatio), noun of action from congregare (see congregate).

Used by Tyndale to translate Greek ekklesia in New Testament and by some Old Testament translators in place of synagoge. (Vulgate uses a variety of words in these cases, including congregatio but also ecclesia, vulgus, synagoga, populus.) Protestant reformers in 16c. used it in place of church; hence the word's main modern sense of "local society of believers" (1520s).
congregational (adj.): 1630s, in reference to Congregationalism, a Protestant movement in which church congregations were to be self-governing (the term most used in New England, in Britain they were called Independent); from congregation + -al (1). Related: Congregationalist.
congress (n.): c. 1400, "body of attendants; also "meeting of armed forces" (mid-15c.); main modern sense of "coming together of people, a meeting" is from 1520s; from Latin congressus "a friendly meeting; a hostile encounter," past participle of congredi "meet with, fight with," from com- "together" (see com-) + gradi "to walk," from gradus "a step" (see grade (n.)).

Sense of "meeting of delegates" is first recorded 1670s. Meaning "sexual union" is from 1580s. Used in reference to the national legislative body of the American states since 1775 (though since 1765 in America as a name for proposed bodies). Congress of Vienna met Nov. 1, 1814, to June 8, 1815, and redrew the map of Europe with an eye to creating a balance of powers after the disruptions of Napoleon.
congressional (adj.): 1690s, from Latin congressionem (from congressus, see congress) + -al (1). Originally sometimes reviled as barbarous, Pickering (1816) quotes an unnamed English correspondent: "The term Congress belonging to America, the Americans may employ its derivatives, without waiting for the assent of the English."
congressman (n.): 1780, in reference to members of U.S. Congress, and it first appears in a piece of abuse (written by a Loyalist):
Ye coxcomb Congressmen, declaimers keen,
Brisk puppets of the Philadelphia scene ...
Congresswoman attested from 1918 (Jeannette Rankin (1880-1973) was the first).
Congreve: in reference to rockets or matches, from Sir William Congreve (1772-1828).
congruence (n.): mid-15c., from Latin congruentia "agreement, harmony, congruity," from congruentem (nominative congruens), present participle of congruere "to come together" (see congruent). Related: Congruency.
congruent (adj.): early 15c., "suitable, proper," from Latin congruentem (nominative congruens) "agreeing, fit, suitable," present participle of congruere, literally "to come together, agree, correspond with," from com- "with" (see com-) + a lost verb *gruere, *ruere "fall, rush," perhaps from PIE *ghrei- "to rub, grind" (see chrism). Geometry sense attested by 1706.
congruity (n.): late 14c., from Old French congruité "relevance, appropriateness," from Late Latin congruitatem (nominative congruens) "agreement," from congruus (see congruent).
congruous (adj.): c. 1600, from Latin stem congru- (see congruent) + -ous.
conic (adj.): 1560s, "pertaining to a cone," from Latin conicus, from Greek konikos "cone-shaped," from konos (see cone).
conical (adj.): 1560s, "pertaining to a cone," also "having the shape of a cone," from conic + -al (1).
conifer (n.): 1851, from Latin conifer "cone-bearing, bearing conical fruit," from conus "cone" (see cone) + ferre "to bear" (see infer).
coniferous (adj.): 1660s, from conifer + -ous.
conject (v.): late 14c., obsolete verb replaced by conjecture (v.). Also in form congette.
conjectural (adj.): 1550s, from Latin conjecturalis "belonging to conjecture," from conjectura (see conjecture). Related: Conjecturally (mid-15c.).
conjecture (n.): late 14c., "interpretation of signs and omens," from Old French conjecture "surmise, guess," or directly from Latin coniectura "conclusion, interpretation, guess, inference," literally "a casting together (of facts, etc.)," from coniectus, past participle of conicere "to throw together," from com- "together" (see com-) + iacere "to throw" (see jet (v.)). Sense of "forming of opinion without proof" is 1530s.
conjecture (v.): early 15c., from conjecture (n.). In Middle English also with a parallel conjecte (n.), conjecten (v.). Related: Conjectured; conjecturing.