英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

extortionate (adj.)[extortionate 词源字典]: 1711, from extortion + -ate. Extortious is from c. 1600.[extortionate etymology, extortionate origin, 英语词源]
extortionist (n.): 1824, from extortion + -ist. Earlier in the same sense were extorter (1590s), extortioner (late 14c.).
extra: 1650s as a stand-alone adjective; also used as an adverb and noun in 17c. (see extra-); modern usages -- including sense of "minor performer in a play" (1777) and "special edition of a newspaper" (1793) -- probably all are from shortenings of extraordinary, which in 18c. was used extensively as noun and adverb in places extra would serve today.
extra-: word-forming element meaning "outside; beyond the scope of; in addition to what is usual or expected," in classical Latin recorded only in extraordinarius, but more used in Medieval Latin and modern formations; it represents Latin extra (adv.) "on the outside, without, except," the old fem. ablative singular of exterus "outward, outside," comparative of ex "out of" (see ex-).
extra-curricular (adj.): also extracurricular, 1911, from extra- + curricular. As a noun by 1957.
extra-special (adj.): 1841, from extra- + special (adj.). Originally of legislative sessions, later (1880s) of certain editions of daily newspapers.
extract (v.): late 15c., from Latin extractus, past participle of extrahere "draw out," from ex- "out" (see ex-) + trahere "to draw" (see tract (n.1)). Related: Extracted; extracting.
extract (n.): mid-15c., "digest or summary of something which has been written at greater length," from Late Latin extractum, noun use of neuter of extractus, past participle of extrahere "to draw out" (see extract (v.)). Physical sense of "that which is extracted," especially "something drawn from a substance by distillation or other chemical process" is from 1580s.
extraction (n.): early 15c., "process of withdrawing or obtaining" (something, from something else), from Old French estraction "extraction, origin" (12c.) or directly from Medieval Latin extractionem (nominative extractio), noun of action from past participle stem of Latin extrahere "to draw out" (see extract (v.)). Meaning "that which is extracted" is from 1590s. Meaning "descent, lineage" is from late 15c.
extradite (v.): 1864, back-formation from extradition. Related: Extradited; extraditing; extraditable.
extradition (n.): 1833, from French extradition (18c.), apparently a coinage of Voltaire's, from Latin ex "out" (see ex-) + traditionem (nominative traditio) "a delivering up, handing over," noun of action from tradere "to hand over" (see tradition).
This word might be adopted in our language with advantage, as we have none which conveys the same meaning. Extradition signifies the delivering up of criminals who may have sought refuge in any country, to the government whose subjects they are, on a claim being made to this effect. [from a footnote to the word extradition in the translation of "Memoirs of Marshal Ney" published in London in 1833]
extrajudicial (adj.): also extra-judicial, 1580s (implied in extrajudicially); see extra- + judicial.
extramarital (adj.): also extra-marital, by 1844, from extra- + marital.
extramural (adj.): 1854, from extra- + ending from intermural.
extraneous (adj.): 1630s, from Latin extraneus "external, strange," literally "that is without, from without" (as a noun, "a stranger"), from extra "outside of" (see extra-). A doublet of strange. Related: Extraneously.
extraordinaire (adj.): 1940, from French extraordinaire (14c.), literally "extraordinary, unusual, out of the ordinary," but used colloquially as a superlative; see extraordinary, which represents an older borrowing of the same word.
extraordinary (adj.): early 15c., from Latin extraordinarius "out of the common order," from extra ordinem "out of order," especially the usual order, from extra "out" (see extra-) + ordinem, accusative of ordo "order" (see order (n.)). Related: Extraordinarily; extraordinariness.
extrapolate (v.): 1862 (in a Harvard observatory account of the comet of 1858), from extra- + ending from interpolate. Said in early references to be a characteristic word of Sir George Airy (1801-1892), English mathematician and astronomer. Related: Extrapolated; extrapolating.
extrapolation (n.): 1867, noun of action from extrapolate by analogy of interpolation; original sense was "an inserting of intermediate terms in a mathematical series." Transferred sense of "drawing of a conclusion about the future based on present tendencies" is from 1889.
extrasensory (adj.): also extra-sensory, 1934, coined as part of extra-sensory perception in J.B. Rhine's work, from extra- + sensory. Extrasensible (1874) was used earlier in reference to "that which is inaccessible to the senses."