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guise [guise 词源字典]: guise: see geezer
[guise etymology, guise origin, 英语词源]
guitar: guitar: [17] The Greek kithárā was a stringed musical instrument of the lyre family, which has bequeathed its name to a variety of successors. Via Latin cithara came English citole [14], a medieval stringed instrument, and German zither (borrowed by English in the 19th century), while Arabic took it over as qītār and passed it on to Spanish as guitarra.

French adopted it in the form guitare (which eventually superseded the earlier guiterne), and it eventually reached English. (The history of guiterne, incidentally, is not entirely clear, although it is obviously a member of the kithárā family. English acquired it as gittern [14], applied to an early form of guitar, and it seems to have been blended with Latin cithara to produce English cithern or cittern [16], the name of a plucked stringed instrument of Renaissance times.)
=> zither
gules: gules: see gullet
gulf: gulf: [14] Gulf comes from Greek kólphos, which meant originally ‘bosom’. It was later extended metaphorically to denote ‘bag’, and also ‘trough between waves’, and these senses (the latter modified to ‘abyss’) followed it through Vulgar Latin *colphus, Italian golfo, and French golphe into English. The derivative engulf, based on the sense ‘abyss’, dates from the mid-16th century.
gull: gull: [15] Gull is a Celtic contribution to English. It was probably borrowed from Welsh gwylan, which together with Cornish guilan, Breton gwelan, and Old Irish foilenn, goes back to a prehistoric Old Celtic *voilenno-. (The Old English word for ‘gull’ was mǣw, as in modern English sea mew.)
gullet: gullet: [14] Latin gula meant ‘throat’. It was a descendant of Indo-European *gel- ‘swallow’, which also produced German kehle ‘throat’ and English glut and glutton. Gula passed into Old French as gole or goule (whence modern French gueule ‘mouth’), where it formed the basis of a diminutive form goulet, acquired by English as gullet (and later, in the 16th century, as gully, which originally meant ‘gullet’). The English heraldic term gules ‘red’ [14] also comes from Old French gole, goule, in the specialized sense ‘red fur neckpiece’.
=> glut, glutton, gules, gully
gullible: gullible: [19] Gullible is a derivative of the now archaic gull ‘dupe’, itself a verbal use of the noun gull ‘gullible person, simpleton’. This appears to have been a figurative extension of an earlier gull ‘newly hatched bird’ [14], which survived dialectally into the late 19th century, and was itself perhaps a noun use of the obsolete adjective gull ‘yellow’ (borrowed from Old Norse gulr and still extant in Swedish and Danish gul ‘yellow’). Some etymologists, however, derive the noun gull ‘simpleton’ from an obsolete verb gull ‘swallow’ [16], which goes back ultimately to Old French gole, goule ‘throat’ (source of English gullet).
gum: gum: English has three words gum. The oldest, ‘tissue surrounding the teeth’ [OE], originally meant ‘mucous lining of the mouth and throat’; its present-day meaning did not emerge until the 14th century. It is not clear where it came from, although it is related to German gaumen ‘roof of the mouth’, and perhaps to Lithuanian gomurys ‘gum’ and even Latin fauces ‘throat’ (source of English suffocate). Gum ‘sticky material’ [14] comes ultimately from Egyptian kemai, which passed into English via Greek kómmi, Latin cummi or gummi, Vulgar Latin *gumma, and Old French gomme.

And gum in the exclamation by gum [19] is a euphemistic alteration of god.
gun: gun: [14] Gun probably comes, unlikely as it may seem, from the Scandinavian female forename Gunnhildr (originally a compound of gunnr ‘war’ and hildr ‘war’). It is by no means unusual for large fearsome weapons to be named after women (for reasons perhaps best left to psychologists): the huge German artillery weapon of World War I, Big Bertha, and the old British army musket, Brown Bess, are cases in point.

And it seems that in the Middle Ages Gunnhildr or Gunhild was applied to various large rock-hurling seige weapons, such as the ballista, and later to cannon. The earliest recorded sense of gun (on this theory representing Gunne, a pet form of Gunhild) is ‘cannon’, but it was applied to hand-held firearms as they developed in the 15th century.
gurgle: gurgle: see gargoyle
guru: guru: see gravity
gust: gust: [16] The underlying meaning of gust is ‘sudden rush or gush’, and related words refer to water or steam rather than wind. It was borrowed from Old Norse gustr ‘gust’, and the closely connected geysa ‘gush’ produced English geyser [18].
=> geyser
gusto: gusto: [17] Gusto originally meant ‘taste’. It was borrowed from Italian gusto, which, like French goût, comes from Latin gustus ‘taste’. Its semantic progress from ‘taste’ via ‘liking for a particular food’ and ‘liking in general’ to ‘zest, enthusiasm’ is paralleled in relish. (Latin gustus itself came from an Indo-European *geus-, which also produced English choose.)
=> choose
gut: gut: [OE] Gut probably comes ultimately from prehistoric Indo-European *gh(e)u- ‘pour’ (source also of English foundry, funnel, fusion, etc), and presumably has the underlying meaning ‘tube through which digested food flows’. From the same source came Greek khūmós ‘animal or plant juice’, from which English got the technical term chyme ‘mass of semidigested food in the stomach’ [17]. The use of the plural guts for ‘vigour’ or ‘courage’ dates from the late 19th century.
=> foundry, funnel, fusion
gutta percha: gutta percha: see gout
gutter: gutter: [13] Etymologically, a gutter is something along which ‘drops’ of water run. Its distant ancestor is Latin gutta ‘drop’ (source also of English gout). From it was formed the Vulgar Latin derivative *guttāria, which passed into English via Anglo-Norman gotere. The use of the word as a verb, meaning (of a flame) ‘flicker on the point of going out’, comes from the channel, or ‘gutter’, formed down one side of a candle by the melted wax flowing away.
=> gout
guy: guy: English has two separate words guy. The guy of guy rope [14] was probably borrowed from a Low German word (of which Dutch gei ‘rope used for hauling a sail in’ may well be a descendant), but its ultimate ancestry is not clear. Guy ‘fellow, man’ [19] originated as an American English generalization of guy ‘effigy of Guy Fawkes burned on 5 November’ – a sense first recorded in 1806.
gymkhana: gymkhana: [19] The British brought the word gymkhana back with them from India, where they found it as Hindi gendkhāna, literally ‘ballhouse’, the name given to a racket court. The first syllable gym- is generally assumed to be an alteration of gend- on the analogy of gymnasium. The term was originally used for a ‘sports ground’; the current sense ‘horse-riding contest’ seems to have developed after World War I.
gymnasium: gymnasium: [16] Greek gumnós meant ‘naked’. It was customary in ancient times for athletes to train naked, and so the verb gumnázein came to mean ‘train, practise’ – particularly by doing exercises (whence English gymnast [16]). From the verb was derived the noun gumnásion, which Latin borrowed as gymnasium ‘school’. This academic sense has never caught on to any extent in English (although it is the word’s only application in German); we have preferred to go back to the original athletic connotations.
gynaecology: gynaecology: [19] The Greek word for ‘woman’ was guné. It has relatives in several modern Indo-European languages, including Swedish kvinna, Danish kvinde, Irish Gaelic bean, Welsh benyw, Czech zhena, Russian zhenshchina, Persian zan (whence ultimately English zenana ‘harem’ [18]), and the now obsolete English quean [OE], and goes back to Indo-European *gwen-.

The resumption of the study of Greek in the 16th century led to increasing adoption of compounds involving guné into English. The earliest recorded ones are gyneconome ‘member of a board of Athenian magistrates whose job was to ensure that women behaved properly’ [16] and gynocracy ‘rule by women’ [17]. Gynaecology is a comparative latecomer, not appearing before the 1840s.
=> queen, zenana