英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

hilt (n.)[hilt 词源字典]: Old English hilt "hilt, handle of a sword or dagger," from Proto-Germanic *helt (cognates: Old Norse hjalt, Old High German helza "hilt," Old Saxon helta "oar handle"), perhaps from PIE *kel- (1) "to strike." Formerly also used in plural in same sense as singular.[hilt etymology, hilt origin, 英语词源]
hilum (n.): Latin, literally "little thing, shred, trifle." Related: Hilar.
him (pron.): Old English him, originally dative masculine and neuter of he; beginning 10c. it replaced hine as masculine accusative, a regional process completed by 15c. The dative roots of the -m ending are retained in German (ihm) and Dutch (hem). Hine persists, barely, as the southern England dialectal 'un, 'n for "him."
Himalaya: from Sanskrit himalayah, literally "abode of snow," from hima "snow" (see hibernation) + alaya "abode." Related: Himalayas; Himalayan.
himself (pron.): Old English him selfum, from him, dative/accusative personal pronoun, + self, here used as an inflected adjective.
hin (pron.): Old English hine, accusative of he; replaced by dative him in early Middle English; cognate with German ihn. Surviving somewhat in s.w. English and Kentish dialect.
hincty (adj.): "conceited," by 1924 in U.S. black slang. Compare obsolete Scottish hichty (c. 1500), considered an alteration of height-y.
hind (adj.): c. 1300, "rear, back," perhaps a back-formation from Old English behindan "back, behind," used as adverb and preposition, or from or influenced by Old English hindan (adv.) "from behind," from Proto-Germanic *hind- "behind" (cognate with Gothic hindan (prep.) "on that side of, beyond, behind;" German hinten "behind"), of unknown origin. Possibly influenced by Middle English hiner (adv.) "back, rear."
hind (n.): "female deer," Old English hind, from Proto-Germanic *hinthjo- (cognates: Old Norse hind, Dutch hinde, Old High German hinta, German Hinde "hind") perhaps from PIE *kemti-, from root *kem- "hornless" (cognates: Greek kemas, Lithuanian smulas "young deer, gazelle").
hinder (v.): Old English hindrian "to harm, injure, impair, check, repress," from Proto-Germanic *hinderojan (cognates: Old Norse hindra, Dutch hinderen, Old High German hintaron, German hindern "to keep back"), from a root meaning "on that side of, behind" (see hind (adj.)); thus the ground sense is "to put or keep back," though this sense in English is recorded only from late 14c. Related: Hindered; hindering.
hinder (adj,): "situated in the rear, toward the back," late 14c., probably from Old English hinder (adv.) "behind, back, afterward," but treated as a comparative of hind (adj.). Related to Old High German hintar, German hinter, Gothic hindar "behind." Middle English had hinderhede, literally "hinder-hood; posterity in time, inferiority in rank;" and hinderling "person fallen from moral or social respectability, wretch."
hinderance (n.): early form of hindrance.
hindermost: late 14c., hyndermest; see hinder (adj.) + -most.
Hindi: 1825 as an adjective; 1880 as a language name, from Hind "India" (see Hindu) + -i, suffix expressing relationship.
hindmost (adj.): late 14c., from hind (adj.) + -most.
Thra. What, if a toy take 'em i' the heels now, and they run all away, and cry, 'The devil take the hindmost'?
Dion. Then the same devil take the foremost too, and souse him for his breakfast! [Beaumont & Fletcher, "Philaster," Act V, Sc. 2, 1611]
Hindoo: old anglicized form of Hindu (q.v.).
hindrance (n.): mid-15c., a hybrid from hindren, from same root as hinder (v.), on model of French-derived words in -ance.
hindsight (n.): by 1841, "backsight of a firearm," from hind (adj.) + sight. Meaning "seeing what has happened" is attested by 1862, American English, (in proverbial "If our foresight was as good as our hindsight, it would be an easy matter to get rich"), probably a formation on the model of foresight.
Hindu: 1660s, from Persian Hindu (adjective and noun) "Indian," from Hind "India," from Sanskrit sindhu "river," specifically the Indus; hence "region of the Indus," gradually extended across northern India. The Hindu Kush mountain range is said to mean literally "Indian killer," and was said to have been the name given by the Persians to a pass where their Indian slaves had perished in winter, but this is likely folk etymology.
Hinduism (n.): blanket term for "polytheism of India," 1829, from Hindu + -ism.