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hope (v.)[hope 词源字典]: Old English hopian "wish, expect, look forward (to something)," of unknown origin, a general North Sea Germanic word (cognates: Old Frisian hopia, Middle Low German, Middle Dutch, Dutch hopen; Middle High German hoffen "to hope," borrowed from Low German). Some suggest a connection with hop (v.) on the notion of "leaping in expectation" [Klein]. Related: Hoped; hoping.[hope etymology, hope origin, 英语词源]
hope (n.): Old English hopa, from hope (v.). Compare Old Frisian and Middle Dutch hope, Dutch hoop, all from their respective verbs.
hopeful (adj.): c. 1200, from hope + -ful. As a noun, "one on whom hopes are set," from 1720. Related: Hopefulness.
hopefully (adv.): 1630s, "in a hopeful manner," from hopeful + -ly (2). As a replacement for the admittedly awkward it is to be hoped that attested from 1932 but avoided by careful writers.
hopeless (adj.): 1560s, from hope (n.) + -less. Related: Hopelessly; hopelessness.
hophead (n.): "opium addict," 1911, from hop (n.2) + head (n.) in the drug sense.
Hopi: Pueblo people of the U.S. southwest, from Pueblo hopi, literally "well-mannered, civilized."
hoping (n.): c. 1300, verbal noun from hope (v.).
hoplite (n.): "heavy-armed foot soldier of ancient Greece," 1727, from Greek hoplites "heavily armed soldier," literally "heavy armed," from hopla "arms, armor," plural of hoplon "tool, weapon, implement."
hopped (adj.): a word that seems to merge three senses of hop; the meaning "flavored with hops" (hop (n.1)) is first attested 1660s; that of "under the influence of drugs" (hop (n.2)) is from 1924; that of "excited, enthusiastic" (perhaps from hop (v.)) is from 1923. Meaning "performance-enhanced" (of an engine, etc.) is from 1945.
hopper (n.1): "person or animal that hops," mid-13c., agent noun from hop (v.). From c. 1200 as a surname, and perhaps existing in Old English (which had hoppestre "female dancer").
hopper (n.2): "container with narrow opening at bottom," late 13c., perhaps an agent noun from hop (v.) via notion of grain juggling in a mill hopper.
hopscotch: 1801 (from 1789 as hop-scot), from hop (v.) + scotch (n.2) "scratch," from the lines scored in the dirt to make the squares for the game.
hoptoad (n.): by 1827, American English, from hop (v.) + toad.
Horace: masc. proper name, from French, from Latin Horatius, name of a Roman gens. The poet was Quintus Horatius Flaccus (65-8 B.C.E.). The form Horatio is influenced by the Italian version of the name, Orazio.
Horatian: from Horatius (see Horace) + -an.
horde (n.): 1550s, from West Turkic (compare Tatar urda "horde," Turkish ordu "camp, army"), to English via Polish, French, or Spanish. The initial -h- seems to have been acquired in Polish. Transferred sense of "uncivilized gang" is from 1610s. Related: Hordes.
hore (n.): "dirt, filth," also hor; from Old English horh "phlegm," horu "foulness," from Proto-Germanic *horwo- (cognates: Old Frisian hore, Old High German horo, Old Norse horr), perhaps imitative.
horizon (n.): late 14c., orisoun, from Old French orizon (14c., Modern French horizon), earlier orizonte (13c.), from Latin horizontem (nominative horizon), from Greek horizon kyklos "bounding circle," from horizein "bound, limit, divide, separate," from horos "boundary." The h- was restored 17c. in imitation of Latin. Old English used eaggemearc ("eye-mark") for "limit of view, horizon."
horizontal (adj.): 1550s, "relating to or near the horizon," from French horizontal, from Latin horizontem (see horizon). Meaning "flat" (i.e., "parallel to the horizon") is from 1630s. Related: horizontally.