英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

hunter [hunter 词源字典]: mid-13c. (attested in place names from late 12c.), from hunt + -er (1). The Old English word was hunta.[hunter etymology, hunter origin, 英语词源]
hunting (n.): Old English huntung, verbal noun from hunt (v.). Bartlett (1848) notes it as the word commonly used by sportsmen in the Southern states of the U.S. where in the North they use gunning.
Huntingdon: Old English Huntandun (973) "Hill of the Huntsman" (or of a man called Hunta).
Huntington's chorea: also Huntington's disease, 1889, named for U.S. neurologist George Huntington (1851-1916), who described it in 1872.
huntress: late 14c.; see hunter + -ess. Old English had hunticge.
hurdle (n.): Old English hyrdel "frame of intertwined twigs used as a temporary barrier," diminutive of hyrd "door," from Proto-Germanic *hurdiz "wickerwork frame, hurdle" (cognates: Old Saxon hurth "plaiting, netting," Dutch horde "wickerwork," German Hürde "hurdle, fold, pen;" Old Norse hurð, Gothic haurds "door"), from PIE *krtis (cognates: Latin cratis "hurdle, wickerwork," Greek kartalos "a kind of basket," kyrtos "fishing creel"), from root *kert- "to weave, twist together" (cognates: Sanskrit krt "to spin"). Sense of "barrier to jump in a race" is by 1822; figurative sense of "obstacle" is 1924.
hurdle (v.): 1590s, "to build like a hurdle," from hurdle (n.). Sense of "to jump over" dates from 1880 (implied in hurdling). Related: Hurdled; hurdling. Hurdles as a type of race (originally horse race) with hurdles as obstacles is attested by 1836 (hurdle-race is from 1822).
hurdy-gurdy: 1749, perhaps imitative of its sound and influenced by c. 1500 hirdy-girdy "uproar, confusion."
hurl (v.): early 13c., hurlen, "to run against (each other), come into collision," later "throw forcibly" (c. 1300); "rush violently" (late 14c.); perhaps related to Low German hurreln "to throw, to dash," and East Frisian hurreln "to roar, to bluster." OED suggests all are from an imitative Germanic base *hurr "expressing rapid motion;" see also hurry. The noun is attested from late 14c., originally "rushing water." For difference between hurl and hurtle (which apparently were confused since early Middle English) see hurtle.
hurling (n.): verbal noun of hurl (q.v.); attested 1520s as a form of hockey played in Ireland; c. 1600 as the name of a game like hand-ball that once was popular in Cornwall.
hurly-burly: also hurlyburly, 1530s, apparently an alteration of phrase hurling and burling, reduplication of 14c. hurling "commotion, tumult," verbal noun of hurl (q.v.). Hurling time was the name applied by chroniclers to the period of tumult and commotion around Wat Tyler's rebellion.
Huron: the North American lake is named for the Indian people, whose name is from obsolete French huron "bristle-haired" (the French word frequently was used in reference to head-dresses, and that might be its original sense here), from Old French huré "bristly, unkempt, shaggy," of uncertain origin, but French sources indicate it probably is from Germanic.
hurrah: 1680s, alteration of huzza, similar to shouts recorded in German, Danish, Swedish. Perhaps picked up during Thirty Years' War. Hurra was said to be the battle-cry of Prussian soldiers during the War of Liberation (1812-13). Hooray is its popular form and is almost as old. Also hurray (1780); hurroo (1824); hoorah (1798).
hurricane (n.): 1550s, a partially deformed adoptation from Spanish huracan (Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdés, "Historia General y Natural de las Indias," 1547-9), furacan (in the works of Pedro Mártir De Anghiera, chaplain to the court of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella and historian of Spanish explorations), from an Arawakan (W. Indies) word. In Portuguese, it became furacão. For confusion of initial -f- and -h- in Spanish, see hacienda. The word is first in English in Richard Eden's "Decades of the New World":
These tempestes of the ayer (which the Grecians caule Tiphones ...) they caule furacanes.
OED records 39 different spellings, mostly from the late 16c., including forcane, herrycano, harrycain, hurlecane. Modern form became frequent from 1650, established after 1688. Shakespeare uses hurricano ("King Lear," "Troilus and Cressida"), but in reference to waterspouts.
hurried: âdone in a rush,â 1660s, from past participle of hurry (v.). Related: Hurriedly.
hurry (v.): 1590, first recorded in Shakespeare, who used it often; perhaps a variant of harry (v.), or perhaps a West Midlands sense of Middle English hurren "to vibrate rapidly, buzz," from Proto-Germanic *hurza "to move with haste" (cognates: Middle High German hurren "to whir, move fast," Old Swedish hurra "to whirl round"), which also perhaps is the root of hurl. Related: hurried; hurrying.
hurry (n.): c. 1600, probably from hurry (v.).
hurry-scurry: 1732, probably a reduplication of hurry formed with awareness of scurry.
hurst: "hillock" (especially a sandy one), also "grove, wooded eminence," from Old English hyrst, from Proto-Germanic *hurstiz (cognates: Middle Dutch horst "underwood," German Horst "thicket, shrubbery"). Common in place names (such as Amherst).
hurt (v.): c. 1200, "to injure, wound" (the body, feelings, reputation, etc.), also "to stumble (into), bump into; charge against, rush, crash into; knock (things) together," from Old French hurter "to ram, strike, collide," perhaps from Frankish *hurt "ram" (cognates: Middle High German hurten "run at, collide," Old Norse hrutr "ram"). The English usage is as old as the French, and perhaps there was a native Old English *hyrtan, but it has not been recorded. Meaning "to be a source of pain" (of a body part) is from 1850. To hurt (one's) feelings attested by 1779. Sense of "knock" died out 17c., but compare hurtle. Other Germanic languages tend to use their form of English scathe in this sense (Danish skade, Swedish skada, German schaden, Dutch schaden).