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Manichaean [Manichaean 词源字典]: also Manichean, 1550s (n.), 1630s (adj.), from Latin Manichaeus (see Manichaeism).[Manichaean etymology, Manichaean origin, 英语词源]
Manichaeism (n.): 1550s, "the religion of the Manichees" (late 14c.) a Gnostic Christian sect named for its founder, Mani (Latin Manichæus), c.215-275, Syriac-speaking apostle from a Jesus cult in Mesopotamia in 240s, who taught a universal religion. Vegetarian and visionary, they saw "particles of light and goodness" trapped in evil matter and regarded Satan as co-eternal with God. The universe was a scene of struggle between good and evil. The sect was characterized by dualism and a double-standard of perfectionist "elects" and a larger group of fellow travelers who would require several reincarnations before their particles of light would be liberated.
manicure (n.): 1873, "one who professionally treats hands and fingernails," from French manicure, literally "the care of the hands," from Latin manus "hand" (see manual) + cura "care" (see cure (n.1)). Meaning "treatment and care of the hands and fingernails" is attested from 1887.
manicure (v.): 1889, from manicure (n.). Related: Manicured; manicuring.
manicurist (n.): 1884, from manicure (n.) after its sense shifted + -ist.
manifest (adj.): late 14c., "clearly revealed," from Old French manifest "evident, palpable," (12c.), or directly from Latin manifestus "plainly apprehensible, clear, apparent, evident;" of offenses, "proved by direct evidence;" of offenders, "caught in the act," probably from manus "hand" (see manual) + -festus "struck" (compare second element of infest).
Other nations have tried to check ... the fulfillment of our manifest destiny to overspread the Continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions. [John O'Sullivan (1813-1895), "U.S. Magazine & Democratic Review," July 1845]
The phrase apparently is O'Sullivan's coinage; the notion is as old as the republic.
manifest (v.): late 14c., "to spread" (one's fame), "to show plainly," from manifest (adj.) or else from Latin manifestare "to discover, disclose, betray" (see manifest (adj.)). Meaning "to display by actions" is from 1560s; reflexive sense, of diseases, etc., "to reveal as in operation" is from 1808. Related: Manifested; manifesting.
manifest (n.): "ship's cargo," 1706; see manifest (adj.). Earlier, "a public declaration" (c. 1600; compare manifesto), from French manifeste, verbal noun from manifester. Earlier still in English as "a manifestation" (1560s).
manifestation (n.): early 15c., "action of manifesting; exhibition, demonstration," from Late Latin manifestationem (nominative manifestatio), noun of action from past participle stem of Latin manifestare (see manifest (adj.)). Meaning "an object, action, or presence by which something is made manifest" is from 1785. The spiritualism sense is attested from 1853.
manifestly (adv.): "clearly," early 15c., from manifest (adj.) + -ly (2).
manifesto (n.): "public declaration," 1640s, from Italian manifesto "public declaration explaining past actions and announcing the motive for forthcoming ones," originally "proof," from Latin manifestus (see manifest (adj.)).
manifold (adj.): Old English monigfald (Anglian), manigfeald (West Saxon), "various, varied in appearance, complicated; numerous, abundant," from manig (see many) + -feald (see -fold). A common Germanic compound (Old Frisian manichfald, Middle Dutch menichvout, German mannigfalt, Swedish mångfalt, Gothic managfalþs), perhaps a loan-translation of Latin multiplex (see multiply). Retains the original pronunciation of many. Old English also had a verbal form, manigfealdian "to multiply, abound, increase, extend."
manifold (adv.): Old English manigfealdlic "in various ways, manifoldly," from the source of manifold (adj.).
manifold (n.): in mechanical sense, first as "pipe or chamber with several outlets," 1884, see manifold (adj.); originally as manifold pipe (1857), with reference to a type of musical instrument mentioned in the Old Testament.
manikin (n.): 1560s, "jointed figure used by artists," from Dutch manneken, literally "little man," diminutive of Middle Dutch man (see man (n.)). Sense and spelling often blended with mannequin.
Manila: 1690s, capital of the Philippines, gave its name (with altered spelling) to manilla hemp (1814), original source of manilla paper (1832). Said to be from Tagalog may "there is" + nila "shrub of the indigo family," but this would not be a native word.
manilla (1): variant of Manila, especially in manilla paper (1832).
manilla (2): "ring, bracelet," from Spanish manilla, from Latin monilia, plural of monile "collar, necklace" (see mane). Influenced in Spanish by Spanish mano "hand."
manioc (n.): 1560s, from Tupi manioch, mandioca, name for the root of the cassava plant.
manipulable (adj.): 1859, from manipulate + -able. Related: Manipulability.