英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

on (prep.)[on 词源字典]: Old English on, unstressed variant of an "in, on, into," from Proto-Germanic *ana "on" (cognates: Dutch aan, German an, Gothic ana "on, upon"), from PIE root *an- "on" (cognates: Avestan ana "on," Greek ana "on, upon," Latin an-, Old Church Slavonic na, Lithuanian nuo "down from"). Also used in Old English in many places where we would now use in. From 16c.-18c. (and still in northern England dialect) often reduced to o'. Phrase on to "aware" is from 1877. On time is from 1890.[on etymology, on origin, 英语词源]
on-looker (n.): "spectator," c. 1600, from on + agent noun from look (v.).
on-site (adj.): also onsite, 1959, from on + site. Originally in reference to Cold War military inspections.
onager (n.): Asiatic wild ass, mid-14c., from Latin onager, from Greek onagros, from onos "ass" (related to Latin asinus, but the ultimate source is unknown) + agrios "wild," literally "living in the fields," from agros "field" (see acre).
onanism (n.): "masturbation," also "coitus interruptus," 1727, from Onan, son of Judah (Gen. xxxviii:9), who spilled his seed on the ground rather than impregnate his dead brother's wife: "And Onan knew that the seed should not be his; and it came to pass, when he went in unto his brother's wife, that he spilled it on the ground, lest that he should give seed to his brother." The moral of this verse was redirected by those who sought to suppress masturbation.
onboard (adj.): 1966 as one word, from on + board (n.2).
once (adv.): c. 1200, anes, from ane "one" (see one ) + adverbial genitive. Replaced Old English æne. Spelling changed as pronunciation shifted from two syllables to one after c. 1300. Pronunciation change to "wuns" parallels that of one. As an emphatic, meaning "once and for all," it is attested from c. 1300, but this now is regarded as a Pennsylvania German dialect formation. Meaning "in a past time" (but not necessarily just one time) is from mid-13c.

Once upon a time as the beginning of a story is recorded from 1590s. At once originally (early 13c.) meant "simultaneously," later "in one company" (c. 1300), and preserved the sense of "one" in the word; the phrase typically appeared as one word, atones; the modern meaning "immediately" is attested from 1530s.
once-over (n.): "inspection," 1913, from once + over.
onco-: word-forming element meaning "bulk, mass," especially in medical use, "tumor," from Latinized form of Greek onko-, comb. form of onkos "bulk, size, mass, body."
oncogene (n.): 1969, from onco- + -gene, from root of Greek gignere (perf. genui) "beget," from PIE *gen- "produce" (see genus). Related: Oncogenesis (1832).
oncology (n.): 1857, coined in English from onco- "tumor" + -logy "science or study of." Related: Oncologist; oncological.
oncoming (adj.): 1844, from on + coming, present participle of come (v.).
one (n.): c. 1200, from Old English an (adjective, pronoun, noun) "one," from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (cognates: Old Norse einn, Danish een, Old Frisian an, Dutch een, German ein, Gothic ains), from PIE *oi-no- "one, unique" (cognates: Greek oinos "ace (on dice);" Latin unus "one;" Old Persian aivam; Old Church Slavonic -inu, ino-; Lithuanian vienas; Old Irish oin; Breton un "one").

Originally pronounced as it still is in only, and in dialectal good 'un, young 'un, etc.; the now-standard pronunciation "wun" began c. 14c. in southwest and west England (Tyndale, a Gloucester man, spells it won in his Bible translation), and it began to be general 18c. Use as indefinite pronoun influenced by unrelated French on and Latin homo.

One and only "sweetheart" is from 1906. One of those things "unpredictable occurrence" is from 1934. Slang one-arm bandit "a type of slot machine" is recorded by 1938. One-night stand is 1880 in performance sense; 1963 in sexual sense. One of the boys "ordinary amiable fellow" is from 1893. One-track mind is from 1927. Drinking expression one for the road is from 1950 (as a song title).
one-horse (adj.): "small-scale, petty" 1853, American English, colloquial, in reference to towns so small they only had one horse.
one-liner (n.): "short joke, witty remark," 1969, from one + line.
one-of-a-kind: adjectival phrase attested from 1961.
one-off (n.): "single example of a manufactured product," 1934, from one + off. Later given figurative extension.
one-shot (adj.): 1907, "achieved in a single attempt" (original reference is to golf), from one + shot (n.). Meaning "happening or of use only once" is from 1937.
one-sided (adj.): 1833, "dealing with one side of a question or dispute," from one + side (n.). Related: One-sidedly; one-sidedness.
one-upsmanship (n.): 1952, from noun phrase one up "scoring one more point than one's opponent" (1919).