英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

payphone (n.)[payphone 词源字典]: also pay-phone, 1906, from pay (v.) + phone (n.).[payphone etymology, payphone origin, 英语词源]
payroll (n.): 1740, from pay (v.) + roll (n.); "total amount paid to employees over a period," hence, via records-keeping, "list of employees receiving pay."
PBS: abbreviation of Public Broadcasting Service, 1970, America English. It succeeded National Educational Television (NET).
pcb: 1966, from polychlorinated biphenyl.
pcp: 1977, from phenocyclidine.
pda: by 1992, initialism (acronym) for personal digital assistant.
pdf: by 1992, initialism (acronym) for portable document format, a generic term.
PE: 1956 as an abbreviation of physical education (see physical).
pea (n.): early or mid-17c., false singular from Middle English pease (plural pesen), which was both single and collective (as with wheat, corn) but the "s" sound was mistaken for the plural inflection. From Old English pise (West Saxon), piose (Mercian) "pea," from Late Latin pisa, variant of Latin pisum "pea," from Greek pison "the pea," perhaps of Thracian or Phrygian origin [Klein].

In Southern U.S. and the Caribbean, used of other legumes as well. Pea soup is first recorded 1711 (pease-soup); applied to London fogs since at least 1849. Pea-shooter attested from 1803.
pea jacket (n.): 1721, loan-translation of North Frisian pijekkat, from Dutch pijjekker, from pij "coarse woolen cloth" + jekker "jacket." Middle English had pee "coat of coarse, thick wool" (late 15c.). Related: Pea-coat.
peace (n.): mid-12c., "freedom from civil disorder," from Anglo-French pes, Old French pais "peace, reconciliation, silence, permission" (11c., Modern French paix), from Latin pacem (nominative pax) "compact, agreement, treaty of peace, tranquility, absence of war" (source of Provençal patz, Spanish paz, Italian pace), from PIE *pag-/*pak- "fasten," related to pacisci "to covenant or agree" (see pact).

Replaced Old English frið, also sibb, which also meant "happiness." Modern spelling is 1500s, reflecting vowel shift. Sense in peace of mind is from c. 1200. Used in various greetings from c. 1300, from Biblical Latin pax, Greek eirene, which were used by translators to render Hebrew shalom, properly "safety, welfare, prosperity."

Sense of "quiet" is attested by 1300; meaning "absence or cessation of war or hostility" is attested from c. 1300. As a type of hybrid tea rose (developed 1939 in France by François Meilland), so called from 1944. Native American peace pipe is first recorded 1760. Peace-officer attested from 1714. Peace offering is from 1530s. Phrase peace with honor first recorded 1607 (in "Coriolanus"). The U.S. Peace Corps was set up March 1, 1962. Peace sign, both the hand gesture and the graphic, attested from 1968.
peace-keeping (n.): also peacekeeping, 1961 in the international sense, from peace + keeping, verbal noun from keep (v.). Earlier "preservation of law and order" (mid-15c.). Related: Peace-keeper (1570s).
peaceable (adj.): early 14c., from Old French paisible "peaceful" (12c.), from pais (see peace). Related: Peacably.
peaceful (adj.): early 14c., "inclined to peace, friendly, pacific," from peace + -ful. Meaning "tranquil, calm, full of peace" is from mid-14c. In reference to nonviolent methods of effecting social change, it is attested from 1876. Related: Peacefully; peacefulness. Peaceful coexistence (1920) originally was in regard to Soviet policy toward the capitalist West.
peacemaker (n.): early 15c., from peace + maker.
peacenik (n.): 1962, from peace + -nik. An earlier equivalent was peacemonger (1808).
peacetime (n.): also peace-time, 1550s, from peace + time (n.).
peach (n.): c. 1400 (late 12c. as a surname), from Old French pesche "peach, peach tree" (Old North French peske, Modern French pêche), and directly from Medieval Latin pesca, from Late Latin pessica, variant of persica "peach, peach tree," from Latin malum Persicum, literally "Persian apple," translating Greek Persikon malon, from Persis "Persia" (see Persian).

In ancient Greek Persikos could mean "Persian" or "the peach." The tree is native to China, but reached Europe via Persia. By 1663 William Penn observed peaches in cultivation on American plantations. Meaning "attractive woman" is attested from 1754; that of "good person" is from 1904. Peaches and cream in reference to a type of complexion is from 1901. Peach blossom as a color is from 1702. Georgia has been the Peach State since 1939.
peach (v.): "to inform against," 1560s (earlier "to accuse, indict, bring to trial," mid-15c.), a shortening of appeach, an obsolete variant of impeach. Related: Peached; peaching.
peachy (adj.): 1590s, "resembling a peach" in some way, from peach (n.) + -y (2). Slang sense of "attractive" attested by 1900. Extended form peachy-keen recorded from 1953. Related: Peachiness.