英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

rescue [rescue 词源字典]: rescue: see quash
[rescue etymology, rescue origin, 英语词源]
resemble: resemble: [14] Resemble goes back ultimately to Latin similis ‘like’, source of English similar. From it was formed the verb similāre ‘imitate’, which passed into Old French as sembler ‘be like, seem’ (source of English semblance). Addition of the intensive prefix re- produced resembler ‘be very like’ – whence English resemble.
=> similar
resent: resent: [17] Etymologically, to resent something is to ‘feel it strongly’. The word was borrowed from early modern French resentir, a compound verb formed from the intensive prefix re- and sentir ‘feel’ (a relative of English sense, sentiment, etc). It had a range of meanings in English in the 17th and 18th centuries, including its original ‘feel strongly’ and also simply ‘experience a particular emotion’ (‘God resents an infinite satisfaction in the accomplishment of his own will’, Robert Boyle, Treatise of Seraphic Love 1648), but gradually they all gave way to ‘feel aggrieved at’.
=> sensation, sense, sentiment
reside: reside: [15] The -side of reside has no connection with English side. It comes from Latin sedēre ‘settle’ (source of English sedentary, session, etc and related to sit). Combination with the prefix re- ‘back’ produced residēre ‘settle back, remain in place, rest’, which passed into English via its present participle as resident ‘settling permanently in a place’ [14]. Reside is either a back-formation from this or a borrowing from French résider.

The past participle of residēre was residuus, whose neuter form residuum was used as a noun meaning ‘that which settles back’, hence ‘that which is left behind’. It passed into English via Old French as residue [14].
=> residue, sedentary, session, sit
resign: resign: see sign
resin: resin: [14] Resin comes via Old French resine and Latin resīna from Greek rhētínē ‘resin’, a word of unknown origin. A collateral form that arose in medieval Latin was rosīna, which has given English rosin [14].
=> rosin
resist: resist: see statue
resolve: resolve: see solve
resonant: resonant: see sound
resource: resource: see surge
respect: respect: [14] Respect and respite [13] are ultimately the same word. Both go back to respectus, the past participle of Latin respicere ‘look back at’, hence ‘look at, regard, consider’. This was a compound verb formed from the prefix re- ‘back’ and specere ‘look’ (source of English spectacle, speculate, etc). Respectus passed into English, perhaps via Old French respect, as respect, in the sense ‘regard, relation’ (as in with respect to); the key modern meaning ‘deference, esteem’ developed towards the end of the 16th century.

An earlier borrowing of respectus into Old French produced respit, which preserved another meaning of the Latin word, ‘refuge’. This was the source of English respite.
=> inspect, respite, spectacle, spectator
respire: respire: see spirit
resplendent: resplendent: see splendid
respond: respond: [16] Respond comes from Latin respondēre ‘promise in return’, a compound verb formed from the prefix re- ‘back’ and spondēre ‘promise’ (source of English sponsor, spouse, etc). The notion of ‘obligation’ survives in the derivative responsible [16]. The Italian descendant of respondēre is rispondere, whose feminine past participle risposta has given English riposte [18] (originally a fencing term).
=> sponsor, spouse
rest: rest: English has two words rest in current general use: ‘repose’ [OE] and ‘remainder’ [15]. The former is a general Germanic term, with relatives in German (rast) and Swedish (rast), but its ultimate antecedents are uncertain. The latter comes via Old French rester ‘remain’ from Latin restāre ‘stand back’, a compound verb formed from the prefix re- ‘back’ and stāre ‘stand’ (source of English statue, status, etc and related to English stand).

Amongst its derivatives is restive [16], which has completely reversed its meaning over the centuries. It comes from Vulgar Latin *restīvus ‘inclined to remain, unwilling to move’, and reached English via Old French restif in the sense ‘inactive’. The modern meaning ‘restless, uneasy’ comes partly from an intermediate ‘refractory, hard to control’, but also through association with the unrelated rest ‘repose’.
=> arrest, stand, station, statue
restaurant: restaurant: [19] A restaurant is etymologically a place where one is ‘restored’ or refreshed. The word was borrowed from French restaurant, a noun use of the present participle of restaurer ‘restore’, whose Old French ancestor restorer gave English restore [13]. This went back to Latin restaurāre ‘restore, repair’, a compound verb based on an earlier instaurāre ‘restore, renew, repeat’ – a word of uncertain origin which may have been related to Greek stavrós ‘stake, pale’.
=> restore, store
restitution: restitution: see statue
restive: restive: see rest
restrain: restrain: see strain
result: result: [15] Etymologically, to result is to ‘jump backwards’. The word comes ultimately from Latin resultāre ‘jump backwards’, hence ‘rebound’, a compound verb formed from the prefix re- ‘back’ and saltāre ‘jump’ (source of English insult, sauté, etc). In medieval Latin it came to be used figuratively for ‘happen as a consequence’, the sense in which English borrowed it. It was not used as a noun until the 17th century.
=> assault, insult, sauté