英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

touch-screen (n.)[touch-screen 词源字典]: 1974, from touch + screen (n.).[touch-screen etymology, touch-screen origin, 英语词源]
touch-up (n.): "act of improvement requiring modest effort," 1872, from verbal phrase touch up "improve or finish (as a painting or drawing) with light strokes" (1715), from touch (v.) + up (adv.).
touchdown (n.): 1864, originally in rugby, where the ball is literally touched down on the other side of the goal, from verbal phrase (by 1859 in sports), from touch (v.) + down (adv.). As "landing of an aircraft" from 1935.
touche: exclamation acknowledging a hit in fencing, 1902, from French touché, past participle of toucher "to hit," from Old French touchier "to hit" (see touch (v.)). Extended (non-fencing) use by 1907.
touched (adj.): "stirred emotionally," mid-14c., past participle adjective from touch (v.).
touching (adj.): "affecting the emotions," c. 1600, present participle adjective from touch (v.).
touching (prep.): "concerning, regarding," late 14c., from touch (v.), on model of French touchant.
touchpoint (n.): c. 1600, from touch + point (n.).
touchstone (n.): late 15c., from touch (v.) in the Middle English sense "to test" (metal) + stone (n.). Fine-grained black quartz, used for testing the quality of gold and silver alloys by the color of the streak made by rubbing them on it. Also see basalt. Figurative sense is from 1530s.
touchwood (n.): 1570s, from touch (v.) + wood, probably from the notion of being set alight at the touch of a spark.
touchy (adj.): "apt to take offense at slight provocation," c. 1600, perhaps an alteration of tetchy (q.v.) influenced by touch (v.). Related: Touchiness.
tough (adj.): Old English toh "strong and firm in texture, tenacious, sticky," from Proto-Germanic *tanhu- (cognates: Middle Low German tege, Middle Dutch taey, Dutch taai, Old High German zach, German zäh), which Watkins suggests is from PIE *denk- "to bite," from the notion of "holding fast." See rough for spelling change.

From c. 1200 as "strong, powerful;" c. 1300 as "not tender or fragile;" early 14c. as "difficult to chew," also "hard to endure." Figurative sense of "steadfast" is mid-14c.; that of "hard to do, trying, laborious" is from 1610s. Verb tough it "endure the experience" is first recorded 1830, American English. Tough guy attested from 1901. Tough-minded first recorded 1907 in William James. Tough luck first recorded 1912; tough shit, dismissive retort to a complaint, is from 1946.
tough (n.): "street ruffian," 1866, American English, from tough (adj.).
toughen (v.): 1580s, from tough (adj.) + -en (1). Related: Toughened; toughening.
toughness (n.): mid-15c., from tough (adj.) + -ness.
toupee (n.): 1727, from French toupet "tuft of hair, forelock," diminutive formed from Old French top "tuft, forelock, topknot" (12c.), from Frankish *top or another Germanic source related to top (n.1) "highest point." Originally an artificial curl or lock on the top of the head; a style, not necessarily a compensation for baldness. In 18c., also sometimes used of a person who wears a toupee. Slang short form toup is recorded from 1959.
tour (n.): c. 1300, "a turn, a shift on duty," from Old French tor, tourn, tourn "a turn, trick, round, circuit, circumference," from torner, tourner "to turn" (see turn (v.)). Sense of "a continued ramble or excursion" is from 1640s. Tour de France as a bicycle race is recorded in English from 1916 (Tour de France Cycliste), distinguished from a motorcar race of the same name. The Grand Tour, a journey through France, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy formerly was the finishing touch in the education of a gentleman.
tour (v.): 1746, "make a tour, travel about," from tour (n.). Related: Toured; touring.
tour de force (n.): "feat of strength," 1802, French; see tour (n.) + force (n.).
tourism (n.): 1811, from tour (n.) + -ism.