英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

watchdog (n.)[watchdog 词源字典]: also watch-dog, c. 1600, from watch (v.) + dog (n.). Figurative sense is attested by 1845.[watchdog etymology, watchdog origin, 英语词源]
watcher (n.): late 14c. (early 13c. as a surname), agent noun from watch (v.).
watchful (adj.): c. 1500, waccheful, from watch (v.) + -ful. Related: Watchfulness.
watchmaker (n.): 1620s, from watch (n.) in the "timepiece" sense + maker.
watchman (n.): also watch-man, c. 1400, "guard, sentinel, lookout" (late 12c. as a surname), figuratively "guardian, protector" (mid-15c.), from watch (n.) + man (n.). Also "person characterized by wakefulness" (mid-15c.).
watchtower (n.): also watch-tower, 1540s, from watch (v.) + tower (n.).
watchword (n.): also watch-word, c. 1400, "password," from watch (n.) in the military sense of "period of standing guard duty" + word (n.). In the sense of "motto, slogan" it dates from 1738.
water (n.1): Old English wæter, from Proto-Germanic *watar (cognates: Old Saxon watar, Old Frisian wetir, Dutch water, Old High German wazzar, German Wasser, Old Norse vatn, Gothic wato "water"), from PIE *wod-or, from root *wed- (1) "water, wet" (cognates: Hittite watar, Sanskrit udrah, Greek hydor, Old Church Slavonic and Russian voda, Lithuanian vanduo, Old Prussian wundan, Gaelic uisge "water;" Latin unda "wave").

To keep (one's) head above water in the figurative sense is recorded from 1742. Water cooler is recorded from 1846; water polo from 1884; water torture from 1928. Linguists believe PIE had two root words for water: *ap- and *wed-. The first (preserved in Sanskrit apah as well as Punjab and julep) was "animate," referring to water as a living force; the latter referred to it as an inanimate substance. The same probably was true of fire (n.).
water (v.): Old English wæterian "moisten, irrigate, supply water to; lead (cattle) to water;" from water (n.1). Meaning "to dilute" is attested from late 14c.; now usually as water down (1850). To make water "urinate" is recorded from early 15c. Related: Watered; watering.
water (n.2): measure of quality of a diamond, c. 1600, from water (n.1), perhaps as a translation of Arabic ma' "water," which also is used in the sense "lustre, splendor."
water-closet (n.): "privy with a waste-pipe and means to carry off the discharge by a flush of water," 1755, from water (n.1) + closet (n.).
water-ice (n.): "sugared water, flavored and frozen," 1818, from water (n.1) + ice (n.).
water-lily (n.): 1540s, from water (n.1) + lily (n.).
water-moccasin (n.): type of snake in the U.S. South, 1821, from water (n.1) + moccasin (q.v.).
water-pipe (n.): c. 1400, "conduit for water," from water (n.1) + pipe (n.1). The smoking sense is first attested 1824.
water-ski (n.): 1931, from water (n.1) + ski (n.). As a verb from 1953.
water-table (n.): "level of saturated ground," 1879, from water (n.1) + table (n.).
water-wheel (n.): c. 1400, from water (n.1) + wheel (n.).
waterbed (n.): also water-bed, 1610s, "a bed on board a ship," from water (n.1) + bed (n.). As a water-tight mattress filled with water, it is recorded from 1844, originally for invalids to prevent bedsores. Reinvented c. 1970 as a stylish furnishing.
waterboard (n.): 1610s (n.), "gutter," from water (n.1) + board (n.1). Waterboarding as the name of a type of torture is from 2005, but the practice is older.