英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

aquamarine [aquamarine 词源字典]: aquamarine: [19] Aquamarine means literally ‘sea water’ – from Latin aqua marīna. Its first application in English was to the precious stone, a variety of beryl, so named because of its bluish-green colour. The art critic John Ruskin seems to have been the first to use it with reference to the colour itself, in Modern Painters 1846. (The French version of the word, aiguemarine, was actually used in English somewhat earlier, in the mid 18th century, but it did not long survive the introduction of the Latin version.) Latin aqua ‘water’ has of course contributed a number of other words to English, notably aquatic [15] (from Latin aquāticus), aqualung (coined around 1950), aquarelle [19] (via Italian acquerella ‘water colour’), aquatint [18] (literally ‘dyed water’), aqueduct [16] (from Latin aquaeductus), and aqueous [17] (a medieval Latin formation); it is related to Old English ēa ‘water’ and īg ‘island’, and is of course the source of French eau, Italian acqua, and Spanish agua.
[aquamarine etymology, aquamarine origin, 英语词源]
marinade: marinade: [17] Etymologically, to put food in a marinade is virtually to dunk it in the ‘sea’; for the word comes via French from Spanish marinada, a derivative of marina ‘of the sea’. It originally signified strictly a ‘brine pickle’ (hence the reference to the sea), and only gradually broadened out to include vinegar and other preservatives. The related verb marinate [17] comes from French mariner or Italian marinare.
=> marine
marine: marine: [15] The Latin word for ‘sea’ was mare (borrowed into English in the 19th century as a term for any of the sea-like dark areas on the moon). It goes back to Indo-European *mori-, *mari-, which also produced Russian more ‘sea’, Welsh mor ‘sea’, and English mere ‘lake’ (the mer- of mermaid). The Romance-language terms for ‘sea’ (French mer, Italian and Romanian mare, and Spanish mar) are descended from it. And its derived adjective, marīnus, has given English marine (and mariner [13]). Maritime [16] is another derivative. Marina [19] was borrowed from Italian.
=> marinade, maritime, mere
ultramarine: ultramarine: [16] Ultramarine originally denoted a blue pigment made from the stone lapis lazuli. This was imported in the Middle Ages from Asia by sea, and so it was termed in medieval Latin ultrāmarīnus, literally ‘beyond the seas’. This was a compound adjective formed from the prefix ultrā- ‘beyond’ and marīnus ‘of the sea’ (source of English marine).
=> marine, mere, mermaid
aquamarine (n.): 1590s, agmarine, "bluish-green type of beryl," from French or Provençal, from Latin aqua marina "sea water," from aqua "water" (see aqua-) + marina, fem. of marinus "of the sea" (see marine (adj.)). Apparently first used as a description of a bluish-green color by John Ruskin, 1846. Abbreviation aqua is attested from 1936.
marina (n.): 1805, "a promenade by the sea," from Spanish or Italian marina "shore, coast," from Latin marinus (see marine (adj.)). Meaning "dock or basin with moorings for yachts and small craft" is 1935, American English.
marinade (n.): 1704, from French marinade "spiced vinegar or brine for pickling," from mariner "to pickle" (see marinate). As a verb from 1680s. Related: Marinaded; marinading.
marinate (v.): 1640s, from French mariner "to pickle in (sea) brine," from Old French marin (adj.) "of the sea," from Latin marinus (see marine (adj.)). Related: Marinated; marinating.
marine (adj.): early 15c., "pertaining to the sea," from Middle French marin, from Old French marin "of the sea, maritime," from Latin marinus "of the sea," from mare "sea, the sea, seawater," from PIE *mori- "body of water, lake" (see mere (n.)). The Old English word was sælic.
marine (n.): 14c., "seacoast;" see marine (adj.). Meaning "collective shipping of a country" is from 1660s. Meaning "soldier who serves on a ship" is from 1670s, a separate borrowing from French marine, from the French adjective. Phrase tell that to the marines (1806) originally was the first half of a retort expressing skepticism:
"Upon my soul, sir," answered the lieutenant, "when I thought she scorned my passion, I wept like a child."

"Belay there!" cried the captain; "you may tell that to the marines, but I'll be d----d if the sailors will believe it." ["John Moore," "The Post-Captain; or, the Wooden Walls Well Manned," 1805]
The book, a rollicking sea romance/adventure novel, was popular in its day and the remark is a recurring punch line in it (repeated at least four times). It was written by naval veteran John Davis (1774-1854) but published under the name John Moore. Walsh records that, "The marines are among the 'jolly' jack-tars a proverbially gullible lot, capable of swallowing any yarn, in size varying from a yawl-boat to a full-rigged frigate."
mariner (n.): mid-13c., from Anglo-French mariner, Old French marinier "seaman, sailor" (12c.), from Medieval Latin marinarius "sailor," from Latin marinus "of the sea" (see marine). Earlier and long more common than sailor. A sailor also could be a brimgeist in Old English.
submarine (adj.): 1640s, from sub- + marine (adj.).
submarine (n.): "submarine boat," 1899, from submarine (adj.). Earlier "a creature living under the sea" (1703). The short form sub is first recorded 1917. As a type of sandwich from 1955, so called from the shape of the roll. Related: Submariner.
tamarind (n.): c. 1400, "fruit of the tamarind tree, used medicinally," ultimately from Arabic tamr hindi, literally "date of India," from hind "India." First element cognate with Hebrew tamar "palm tree, date palm." Of the tree itself, from 1610s.
ultramarine (n.): 1590s, "blue pigment made from lapis lazuli," from Medieval Latin ultramarinus, literally "beyond the sea," from ultra- "beyond" + marinus "of the sea" (see marine (adj.)). Said to be so called because the mineral was imported from Asia.
transmarine: "Situated or originating on the other side of the sea", Late 16th century: from Latin transmarinus, from trans- 'across' + marinus 'marine, of the sea'.