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penalty
[penalty 词源字典]
penalty:
see
pain
[penalty etymology, penalty origin, 英语词源]
penalty (n.)
mid-15c., from Middle French
penalité
and directly from Medieval Latin
poenalitatem
(nominative
poenalitas
), from Latin
poenalis
(see
penal
). The sporting sense is first recorded 1885. Ice hockey
penalty box
attested by 1931.