词根：clud, clus(clos, clois, claus, clot) = to shut（关闭）
clud,clus是同源异形根，来源于拉丁动词claudere意为to shut（关闭）。clud来自不定式词干claud,常见于英语动词；clus 来自动名词词干claus,多见于相应的名词和形容词。clos,clois,claus,clot 是它们的变形。
同源词：
1. conclusive（一起关闭的 con<com(=together) + clus(=shut) + -ive）
adj.决定性的；确凿的；最终的
conclude v.下结论
conclusion （conclude 的对应名词：conclus = to conclude 结束，决定；-ion n. = the act or result 表示行为或结果 --> " the act result of concluding 结束，决定的行为或结果" -->）n.结论
conclusively adv.决定性地，最终地
The investigator presented conclusive evidence that the criminial was guilty. 那位调查员出示了确凿的证据，证明那个犯人有罪。
2. preclude（事先关上、关押起来pre(=before) + clud(=shut)）(pre预先,提前+clud关闭+e→提前关闭→阻止)
vt. 阻止，妨碍；排除；防止
preclusion n.排除；妨碍；防止
preclusive adj.排除的；妨碍的；防止的
Some medical conditions preclude getting facial cosmetic surgery. 某些医疗条件妨碍脸部整形手术的进行。
3. recluse（不露面，躲在里面过着封闭的生活 re(=back) + clus(=shut)）
n.脱离世俗的人；隐遁者
adj.脱离世俗的，隐遁的
My aunt is agoraphobic and something of a recluse. 我姑姑有广场恐惧症，活得像个隐士。
4. seclusion（脱离，过着封闭的生活se(=away) + clus(=shut)）
n.隔绝；隐退，隐遁
seclude v.隔绝；使隐退 (se分开+clud关闭+e→分开关→隐居的)
secluded adj.隔绝的；隐退的；偏僻的
She went into seclusion after the traffic death of her toddler. 自从她那蹒跚学步的孩子死于车祸后，她便过起了隐居的生活。
5. exclude （ex-(=out 外) + clud(=to shut关闭) + -e --> " to shut out 关在外面 " ）
v.拒绝（接纳）；排斥；排除（可能性）*ex(=out)
exclusion n.拒绝；排除
exclude all possibility of doubt 排除一切怀疑的可能性
6. exclusive
adj.排除的，除外的；孤傲的；（集团、团体）排他的；（商品）独家经营的；独占的，唯一的 *ex(=out)
exclusively adv.专有地；排他地；独占地
exclusive economic zone 专属经济区（缩写：EEZ）
exclusive right 专有权
7. include （in- (= in 内) + clud (= to shut 关闭) + -e -->" to shut in 关闭在内 " -->）
v.包含，算入 *in(=in)
inclusion n.包含，算入
This atlas contains fifty maps,including six of North America. 这本地图册共由50幅地图组成，其中包含6张北美地图。
postage included 包含邮资
8. including
prep. 包含，包括 *in(=in)
There are seven of us including myself. 把我算在内共有7个人。
9. inclusive
adj. (~of)包括的，包含的
inclusively adv.包括地，在内地
five inclusive of the driver 包括司机共5个人
10. disclose (dis分开,打开+clos关闭+e→把关的打开→揭发)
v.揭露，暴露，揭开，透露；分开 *dis(=not)
refuse to diclose one's name and address 拒绝透露姓名和地址
11. disclosure
n.暴露，透露；公开；被揭发的事 *dis(=not)
12. enclose (en进入+clos关闭+e→被关起来→包围)
v.围绕，（用围墙或栅栏等）围起来；封（信）；放入（纸袋、包裹），封入 *en(=in)
A check for 50 dollars is enclosed. 附上一张50美元的支票。
Enclosed please find a check for 50 dollars . 请收下附上的50美元支票。
13. enclosure
n.围绕；围栏；（特指随信一起）封入；封入之物
enclosure of common land 用围栏圈起一块公有土地
14. close (close=clos关闭→靠拢→近的→接近)
v.闭（眼）；关（门、窗等）；收起（伞）；合上（书）；封闭（通道、入口、小孔）；关闭（店铺等）；结束，终止；商定（交易）；靠拢，密集
n.（期限的）结束，（活动等的）终止；（四周围住的）场地；院子；死胡同
adj.（空间、时间上）接近的；（关系）密切的，亲密的；（在比赛中）势均力敌的，差异微小的；密集的；缜密的，周密的；吝啬的；（天气）闹热的；（房间等）通风不畅的，（空气）污浊的；隐藏的，非公开的
adv.接近地；紧密地；紧紧地
close a deal 成交
close call/thing/shave 侥幸脱险
close cut 捷径
close friend 密友
close relatives 近亲
close election/contest/match /finish 势均力敌的选举/竞争/比赛/结局
You are very close. 你已经接近正确答案了。
in close order 以密集队形
15. closed
adj.关闭的，密闭的，密封的；非公开的；排他性的
Closed today. 今日停业
closed-door 秘密的，非分开的 <-->open-door 公开的
closed primary 仅由一个政党的成员参加的预选
16. closing
adj.结尾的，结束的；闭会的 n.密封，封闭；终结，结束；结算
closing date 截止时间
closing address 闭幕词
17. closeness
n.接近；密集；亲密
the closeness of a resemblance 非常想像
18. closely
adv.密集地，紧紧地；接近地；精密地；精密地
listen closely 倾听
closely contested election 势均力敌的选举
19. closure (clos关闭+ure表名词→close的名词)
n.结束；终止；封闭；关闭
pit closures 闭坑
20. closet (clos关闭+et小东西→关的小东西→壁橱)
n. 壁橱；（旧用法）私室；书斋；厕所 adj.私人的；空谈的；关起门来的；秘密的
v.把...引进私室密谈 *et(=small)
closet thinker/strategist 纸上谈兵的空想家/战略家
closet theory 空谈理论
He was closeted with his advisor for two hours. 他和他的导师密谈了两小时。
21. cloture
n.结束；截止 v.结束辩论 *clot<clos(=shut)
22. cloister
n.修道院；（修道院、大教堂等的后院围成四角形的）有房顶的回廊；（the ~）隐居生活
v.使居于修道院中 *clois<clos(=shut)
live a cloistered life 过修道院的隐居生活
23. clause
n.（合约、法律文书等的）条目，条款；[语]从句
penal clause 处罚条款
clause by clause 逐条地
subordinate clause 从句
24. claustrophobia
n.幽闭恐怖（症） *phob(=fear)
25. mare clausum
n.领海（<-->mare liberum 公海） *mar(=sea)
26. occlude (oc一再+clude=clud关闭→一再关起来不畅通→堵塞)
v.闭塞,堵塞
词根：sign = mark, sign
来自拉丁语的sign 意为 mark,sign。同义词根来自拉丁语的marc/mark,来自希腊语的sem，以及来自盎格鲁-撒克逊语的 beck/beac。
（*拉丁文signare(=to mark),signum(=mark,token) —— 英文根字典）
同源词：
1. consign（和标志一起发送con<com(=with,together) + sign(=sign,mark)）
vt.sb/sth + to + sb/sth 托运，寄送；托付，委托
consignment n.委托；托运
consigner/consignor n.委托人；发货人
consignee n.受托人；收货人
Dropping shrouded body into the sea,the sailors consigned their comrade to the deep. 船员们将身穿寿衣的尸体扔到海中，将这名同伴托付给了大海。
2. designate（表示从某物掉出去 de(=from) + sign(mark)）
vt. 标明，指出；命名；指派，任命
adj.指派的
designation n.指出；指派，任命
Green triangles on the map designate campgrouds. 地图上标出的绿色三角形表示野营地。
3. signify（使表示出sign (=mark,sign)）
vt. 表明，表示；意味着；有重要性
signification n.意味，意义；表示
Moving the head up and down signifies yes. 点头表示赞同。
4. assign
v.分配，分派，指派（任务等）；指定（时间、地点）；把...归于；任命，委任；转让（财产、权力等），让渡 *as<ad(=to)
assignable adj.可归因于...的；可分配的；可指定的
Those rooms have been assigned to us. 那些房间分配给我们了。
5. assignment
n.分配；指派，（分配的）任务；作业 *as<ad(=to)
6. cosigner
n.连署者 *co<com(=together)
cosing v.连暑
cosignatory n.连暑人；(adj.)连暑的
7. countersign
n.[军]（通过岗哨时必须给出的）暗号，口令，答令；副暑
v.副暑，连暑 *counter (=against)
countersignature n.副暑，连暑
Advance and give the countersign. 出列并说出口令
8. ensign
n.（海军的）舰旗；<美>海军少尉 *en(=on,in)
white/red /blue ensign （英国皇家海军使用的）白旗/（英国商船使用的）红旗/（海军预备舰队使用的）蓝旗
9. insignia
n.9表示级别或成员的）佩章、衣饰等 *in(=on)
insignia of mourning 丧章
10. insignificant
adj.无意义的，无关紧要的，不值一提的，微小的 *in(=not),fic(=make)
insignificant talk 不重要的谈话
insignificant-looking little man 看起来做微不足道的小人物
11. resign
v.辞职；放弃；听众 *re(=back)
re-sign 再签暑
12. resigned
adj.顺从的，听天由命，甘愿的；辞职的，退休的 *re(=back)
resignedly adv.听从地，顺从地
with a resigned look 带着听天由命的表情
resigned post 空缺
be resigned to one's fate 听天由命
13. resignation
n.辞职，辞任；辞呈；听从，甘愿 *re(=back)
offer / give in /tender/send in /hand in one's resignation 递交辞呈
14. undersign
v. 在...下面签名，在末尾签名
undersigned adj.在下面签名的；(n.)（文书的）暑名者
I,the undersigned 我，签暑人
We,the undersigned 我们，签暑人
15. significant
adj. 有意义的，意味深长的；重大的，重要的 *fic (=make)
significantly adv.意味深长地
significant speech 有意义的演讲
16. significance
n.意义；重大；重要（性），意味深长 *fic(=make)
of little /no significance 无足轻重的/无关紧要的
with a look/word of great significance 意味深长的表情/话语
17. sign
n.记号，符号；信号；标志，标记，标牌；征兆，迹象；体征；（代替语言的）手势，示意动作 v.签名手，署名于；（用手势或示意动作）打信号；通知
traffic signs 交通标志（标明限速、转弯等）
sign a letter 在信上签名
Please sign on the dotted line. 请在点线上面签名
18. signal
n.信号；信号器 v.用信号发出（或通知）
adj.显著的；非凡的
signaler n.信号员；（特指陆军的）通讯兵
signalize v.使突出
signally adv.显著地，显眼地
traffic signals 交通信号
19. signatory
n.签署人；签约国 adj.签暑的，签约的 *ory (=person who,pertaining to )
the signatories to the Treaty /the signaory powers 条约的签暑人/签约国
20. signature
n. 签名；符号（如调号、拍号等）
signature tune （广播节目的）信号曲
key signature [音]调号
21. signet
n.图章,印章
signet ring 图章戒指
22. design
v.设计；作图案；打算 n.图案；设计；意图（在计划上作记号）《de- = down》
designed adj.设计家；阴谋者
词根词缀：cart-, carto-
【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: map; card [playing]; a piece of papyrus, paper
【同源单词】cartel, cartogram, cartogramic, cartograph, cartographer, cartographic
词根词缀：cheimo-, cheim-; chimo-, chim-; cheimato-, cheimat-; chimato-, chimat-
【来源及含义】Greek: kheima, winter, frost, winter weather, winter-flowing; by extension, cold, freezing
【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly or indirectly to "winter, freezing, frost, and/or cold": algid- (cold, chilly); crymo-, krymo- (cold, chill, frost); cryo-, kryo-; (cold, freezing); frigo-, frig- (cold, frost); gel-, gelati- (freeze, frost, congeal); hiber- (winter, wintry); pago- (cold, freezing); psychro- (cold); rhigo- (cold, frost; shiver).
【同源单词】brachychimous, brachytheroxerochimous, brachyxerochimous, cheimaphobia, chianophile, chimnophilous
词根词缀：chiasto-, chiasm-
【来源及含义】Greek: crossed, laid crosswise
【相关描述】From ciazein to make in the shape of the Greek letter X, chi, the 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet.
【同源单词】chiasm, chiasma, chiasmal, chiasmapexy, chiasmatic cistern, chiasmatypy
词根词缀：glob-, glom-
【来源及含义】Latin: a round body, a ball; round, a sphere; the earth; "sphere" came from Latin globus, "round mass, sphere"; related to gleba, "clod, soil, land". Sense of "planet earth," or a three-dimensional map of it, appeared first in 1553
【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "land, ground, fields, soil, dirt, mud, clay, earth (world)": agra-; agrest-; agri-; agro-; argill-; choro-; chthon-; epeiro-; geo-; lut-; myso-; pedo-; pel-; rhyp-; soil-; sord-; terr-. Related ball, sphere-word units: hemoglobin-; sphero-.
【同源单词】agglomerate, agglomeration, agglomerative, aglobulia, aglobuliosis, calcoglobule
词根词缀：herm-, herme-
【来源及含义】Greek: Hermes, the son of Zeus and Maia, the god of commerce and messenger of the gods in Greek mythology; identified by the Romans as Mercury; however, some of the words in this unit come from Hermes tris megistos, Hermes Trismegistus, literally, "Hermes, Thrice the Greatest" referring to the Egyptian god Thoth, who was identified with the Greek god Hermes, of science and arts
【同源单词】herm, Hermanubis, hermaphrodite, hermaphroditic, hermeneutic, hermeneutical
词根词缀：mammo-, mamm-, mammi-
【来源及含义】Greek Latin: breast
【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related, partially or totally, to: "breast, breasts, chest": mammill-; masto-; mastoido-; mazo-; pectoro-; pleuro-; sterno-; stetho-; thorac-.
【同源单词】mamma, mammal, Mammalia, mammalogy, mammaplasty, mammary
词根词缀：-phasia, -phasic, -phasis, -phasy
【来源及含义】Greek: talk, speak, say
【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "talk, speak, speech; words, language; tongue, etc.": cit-; clam-; dic-; fa-; -farious; glosso-; glotto-; lalo-; linguo-; locu-; logo-; loqu-; mythico-; -ology; ora-; -phasia; -phemia; phon-; phras-; Quotes: Language,Part 1; Quotes: Language, Part 2; Quotes: Language, Part 3; serm-; tongue; voc-.
【同源单词】acataphasia, acoustic aphasia, agitophasia, agrammaphasia, allophasia, allophasis
词根词缀：pher-, phero-
【来源及含义】Greek: bear or carry; support; go
【相关描述】This unit is directly related to the apheresis word family.
【同源单词】alarm pheromone, hemapheresis, pheresis, pheromonal, pheromone, pheromone plume