英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

extradite [extradite 词源字典]: extradite: [19] Extradite is a back-formation from extradition [19]. This was borrowed from French extradition, which was a coinage (apparently of Voltaire’s) based on Latin ex ‘out’ and tradītiō ‘handing over, deliverance’ (source of English tradition).
=> tradition, treason[extradite etymology, extradite origin, 英语词源]
extraneous: extraneous: see strange
extraordinary: extraordinary: see extra
extravagant: extravagant: [14] An extravagant person is literally one who ‘wanders out of’ the proper course. The word comes from the present participle of medieval Latin extrāvagārī, a compound formed from the prefix extrā- ‘outside’ and vagārī ‘wander’ (source of English vagabond, vagary, and vagrant), which seems originally to have been used adjectivally with reference to certain uncodified or ‘stray’ papal decrees. This was the word’s original application in English, and the present-day meanings ‘wildly excessive’ and ‘spending too lavishly’ did not really establish themselves before the early 18th century.
=> vagabond, vagary, vagrant
extreme: extreme: [15] Etymologically, extreme is the latinate equivalent of the native English utmost. It comes via Old French extreme from Latin extrēmus ‘farthest, last, excessive’, which began life as a superlative form based on Latin ex ‘out’ – hence originally ‘most out, utmost’. The underlying notion of ‘furthest outlying’ still survives in, for example, the use of extremities for the ‘hands’ or ‘feet’.
extricate: extricate: see trick
extrinsic: extrinsic: see intrinsic
extrude: extrude: see abstruse
exuberant: exuberant: [15] Exuberant comes via French from the present participle of Latin exūberāre ‘be abundant’. This was a compound verb formed from the intensive prefix ex- and ūberāre ‘be productive’, a derivative of ūber ‘fertile’. This in turn was an adjectival use of the noun ūber ‘udder’, which came from the same ultimate source (Indo-European *ūdhr-) as English udder.
=> udder
exude: exude: see sweat
eye: eye: [OE] In Old English times eye was ēage, which is related to a whole range of words for ‘eye’ in other European languages. Its immediate derivation is from prehistoric Germanic *augon, which was also the source of German auge, Dutch oog, Swedish öga, and many others. And *augon in its turn goes back to an Indo-European oqw-, which supplied the word for ‘eye’ to all the other Indo-European languages except the Celtic ones, including Russian óko (now obsolete), Greek ophthalmós, and Latin oculus (with all its subsequent derivatives such as French oeuil, Italian occhio, and Spanish ojo).

Amongst its more surprising English relatives are atrocious, ferocious, inoculate, ullage, and window.
=> atrocious, ferocious, inoculate, ocular, ullage, window
eyot: eyot: see island
eyrie: eyrie: [16] Latin ager (source of English agriculture and related to English acre) meant ‘field’, or more broadly ‘piece of land’. In postclassical times this extended via ‘native land’ to ‘lair of a wild animal, particularly a bird of prey’, the meaning of its Old French descendant aire. The Old French form was taken back into medieval Latin as aeria, the immediate source of the English word.
=> acre, agriculture
E pluribus unum: motto of the United States, being one nation formed by uniting several states, 1782, Latin, from e "out of" (see ex-); ablative plural of plus "more" (see plus (n.)); neuter of unus "one" (see one). Not found in classical Latin, though a variant of the phrase appears in Virgil (color est e pluribus unum); the full phrase was the motto of the popular "Gentleman's Magazine" from 1731 into the 1750s.
e'en: variant spelling of even, now archaic or poetic. E'enamost "even almost" is recorded from 1735 in Kentish speech.
e'er: variant spelling of ever, now archaic or poetic.
e-: the later Romans evidently found words beginning in sc-, sp-, st- difficult or unpleasant to pronounce; in Late Latin forms begin to emerge in i- (such as ispatium, ispiritu), and from 5c. this shifted to e-. The development was carried into the Romanic languages, especially Old French, and the French words were modified further after 15c. by natural loss of -s- (the suppression being marked by an acute accent on the e-), while in other cases the word was formally corrected back to the Latin spelling (for example spécial). Hence French état for Old French estat for Latin status, etc. It also affected Romanic borrowings from Germanic (such as espy, eschew).
e-commerce (n.): by 1998, from electronic (compare e-mail) + commerce.
e-mail: 1982, short for electronic mail (1977; see electronic + mail (n.1)); this led to the contemptuous application of snail mail (1983) to the old system.
Even aerial navigation in 1999 was found too slow to convey and deliver the mails. The pneumatic tube system was even swifter, and with such facilities at hand it is not surprising that people in San Francisco received four daily editions of the Manhattan journals, although the distance between Sandy Hook and the Golden Gate is a matter of 3,600 miles. ["Looking Forward," Arthur Bird, 1899]
Associated Press style guide collapsed it to email 2011.
E. coli (n.): bacteria inhabiting the gut of man and animals, by 1921, short for Escherichia coli (1911), named for German physician Theodor Escherich (1857-1911), + Latin genitive of colon "colon" (see colon (n.2)).