英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

guttural (adj.)[guttural 词源字典]: "pertaining to the throat," 1590s, from Middle French guttural, from Latin guttur "throat, gullet," perhaps expressive of throat-noises. "Note that gula, glut- and gurgulio also refer to the 'throat' and 'swallowing', and also contain g(l)u-. Guttur may belong to this same family, which has no PIE etymology" [de Vaan]. The noun, in linguistics, is from 1690s.[guttural etymology, guttural origin, 英语词源]
guv (n.): 1890, shortening of guvner, casual British pronunciation of governor as a title of respect.
guy (n.1): "small rope, chain, wire," 1620s, nautical; earlier "leader" (mid-14c.), from Old French guie "a guide," also "a crane, derrick," from guier (see guide (v.)); or from a related word in North Sea Germanic.
guy (n.2): "fellow," 1847, American English; earlier, in British English (1836) "grotesquely or poorly dressed person," originally (1806) "effigy of Guy Fawkes," leader of the Gunpowder Plot to blow up British king and Parliament (Nov. 5, 1605). The effigies were paraded through the streets by children on the anniversary of the conspiracy. The male proper name is from French, related to Italian Guido.
Guyana: from a native word perhaps meaning "respectable." Related: Guyanese.
guyot (n.): "flat-topped submarine mountain," 1946, named for Swiss geographer/geologist Arnold Guyot (1807-1884).
guzzle (v.): 1570s, "swallow liquid greedily" (intransitive), 1580s in transitive sense, probably related to Old French gosillier "to go down the gullet; to vomit, chatter, talk," from gosier (13c.) "jaws, throat, gullet." Or imitative of the sound of drinking greedily. Related: Guzzled; guzzling.
guzzle (n.): 1590s, "a drain," from guzzle (v.). From 1704 as "liquor," 1836 as "bout of heavy drinking."
guzzler (n.): 1704, agent noun from guzzle (v.).
Gwen: fem. proper name, typically short for Gwendolyn.
Gwendolyn: fem. proper name; the first element is Breton gwenn "white" (cognates: Welsh gwyn, Old Irish find, Gaelic fionn, Gaulish vindo- "white, shining," literally "visible"), from nasalized form of PIE root *weid- "to see, know" (see vision).
gybe (v.2): alternative spelling of jibe.
gybe (v.1): "swing from one side to the other," nautical, 1690s, probably from older Dutch gijben, related to German gieben, of uncertain origin.
gym (n.): short for gymnasium, 1871, U.S. student slang.
gymkhana (n.): 1854, Anglo-Indian, said to be from Hindustani gend-khana, literally "ball house," said in Yule & Burnell's 1886 glossary of Anglo-Indian words to be "the name usually given in Hindu to an English racket-court." The second element is from Middle Persian khan "house," from Iranian *ahanam "seat," from PIE *es- "to sit." Altered in English by influence of gymnasium, etc.
gymnasium (n.): 1590s, "place of exercise," from Latin gymnasium "school for gymnastics," from Greek gymnasion "public place where athletic exercises are practiced; gymnastics school," in plural, "bodily exercises," from gymnazein "to exercise or train," literally or figuratively, literally "to train naked," from gymnos "naked," from a metathesis of PIE *nogw-mo-, suffixed form of *nogw- "naked" (see naked).

A feature of all ancient Greek communities, at first it was merely an open space, later with extensive facilities and including training for the mind as well as the body. Hence its use in German from 15c. as a name for "high school" (more or less paralleling a sense also in Latin); in English it has remained purely athletic. For the "continental high school sense," English in 19c. sometimes used gymnastical as an adjective, gymnasiast for a student.
gymnast (n.): 1590s, "one who is expert in gymnastics," a back-formation from gymnastic. Greek gymnastes was "a trainer of professional athletes."
gymnastic (adj.): 1570s, "pertaining to athletic exercise," from Latin gymnasticus, from Greek gynmastikos "fond of or skilled in bodily exercise," from gymnazein "to exercise or train" (see gymnasium).
gymnastics (n.): 1650s, from gymnastic; also see -ics.
gymno-: before vowels gymn-, word-forming element meaning "naked, stripped, bare," from comb. form of Greek gymnos "naked, unclad; bare, mere," from a metathesis of PIE *nogw-mo-, suffixed form of *nogw- "naked" (see naked).