英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

gymnosophist (n.)[gymnosophist 词源字典]: c. 1400, from Greek gymnosophistai "the naked philosophers," from gymnos "naked" (see naked) + sophistes "wise man" (see sophist). Ancient Hindu holy men whose self-denial extended to clothes; they were known to the later Greeks through the reports of Alexander the Great's soldiers.[gymnosophist etymology, gymnosophist origin, 英语词源]
gymnosperm (n.): 1836, from French gymnosperme and Modern Latin gymnospermae (plural, 17c.), literally "naked seed" (i.e., not enclosed in an ovary), from gymno- "naked" + sperma "seed" (see sprout (v.)). Related: Gymnospermous.
gynaecolatry (n.): "worship of women," 1888; see gyneco- + -latry. Related: Gynaecolater; gynaecolatrous.
gynarchy (n.): "government by women or a woman," 1570s, from Greek gyne "woman, wife," from PIE *gwen- "woman" (see queen) + -arkhe "rule" (see archon). Synonymous gynaecocracy (from Greek gynaikokratia) and gyneocracy are attested from 1610s; gynocracy is from 1728.
gyneco-: also gynaeco-, before a vowel gynec-, word-forming element meaning "woman, female," from Latinized form of Greek gynaiko-, comb. form of gyne "woman, female," from PIE root *gwen- "woman" (see queen).
gynecological (adj.): also gynaecological, 1858, from gynecology + -ical. Related: Gynecologically.
gynecologist (n.): also gynaecologist, 1851, from gynecology + -ist.
gynecology (n.): also gynaecology, "science of women's health and of the diseases peculiar to women," 1847, from French gynécologie, from Latinized form of Greek gynaiko-, comb. form of gyne "woman, female," from PIE *gwen- "woman" (see queen). Second element is from French -logie "study of," from Greek (see -logy). Another word for it was gyniatrics.
gynecomastia (n.): also gynaecomastia, gynecomasty, "condition of a man having breasts like a woman's," 1881, from gyneco- "woman, female" + Latinized form of Greek mazos "breast," variant of mastos (see masto-) + abstract noun ending -ia.
gyno-: word-forming element especially in modern medical and botanical words equivalent to gyneco-.
gyp (v.): "to cheat, swindle," 1889, American English, probably derived from the colloquial shortening of Gypsy (compare gip). Related: Gypped. As a noun, "fraudulent action, a cheat," by 1914.
gypsophila (n.): genus of the pink family, 1771, from Modern Latin (Linnaeus), from Greek gypsos "chalk, gypsum" (see gypsum) + philein "to love" (see philo-).
gypsum (n.): substance (hydrated calcium sulphate) used in making plaster, late 14c., from Latin gypsum, from Greek gypsos "chalk," according to Klein, a word perhaps of Semitic origin (compare Arabic jibs, Hebrew gephes "plaster").
Gypsy (n.): also gipsy, c. 1600, alteration of gypcian, a worn-down Middle English dialectal form of egypcien "Egyptian," from the supposed origin of the people. As an adjective, from 1620s. Compare British gippy (1889) a modern shortened colloquial form of Egyptian.

Cognate with Spanish Gitano and close in sense to Turkish and Arabic Kipti "gypsy," literally "Coptic;" but in Middle French they were Bohémien (see bohemian), and in Spanish also Flamenco "from Flanders." "The gipsies seem doomed to be associated with countries with which they have nothing to do" [Weekley]. Zingari, the Italian and German name, is of unknown origin. Romany is from the people's own language, a plural adjective form of rom "man." Gipsy was the preferred spelling in England. The name is also in extended use applied to "a person exhibiting any of the qualities attributed to Gipsies, as darkness of complexion, trickery in trade, arts of cajolery, and, especially as applied to a young woman, playful freedom or innocent roguishness of action or manner" [Century Dictionary]. As an adjective from 1620s with a sense "unconventional; outdoor."
gyrate (v.): "move in a circle or spiral," 1763 (implied in gyrated), back-formation from gyration. Related: Gyrated; gyrating.
gyration (n.): 1610s, noun of action from gyre (v.).
gyre (n.): 1560s, "a circular motion," from Latin gyrus "circle, circular course, round, ring," from Greek gyros "a circle, ring," related to gyrós "rounded," perhaps from PIE root *geu- "to bend, curve" (cognates: Armenian kor "crooked," Lithuanian gurnas "hip, ankle, bone," Norwegian kaure "a curly lock of hair"). The noun is attested in Middle English only in reference to ship's tackle (early 15c.).
gyre (v.): mid-15c., "turn (something) away (from something else); rotate" (transitive), "cause to revolve;" also "go in a circle, turn round" (intransitive), from Old French girer and directly from Latin gyrare, verb derived from gyrus "circle, circular course, round, ring" (see gyre (n.)). Related: Gyred; gyring.
gyrfalcon (n.): large falcon used in hawking, also gerfalcon, c. 1200, partly anglicized from Old French girfauc "large northern falcon," probably from a Frankish compound with Latin falco "hawk" (see falcon) + first element meaning "vulture," from Proto-Germanic *ger (source of Old High German gir "vulture"). Folk etymology since the Middle Ages has connected it with Latin gyrus (see gyre (n.)) in reference to "circling" in the air.
gyro (n.): sandwich made from roasted lamb, 1971, originally the meat itself, as roasted on a rotating spit, from Modern Greek gyros "a circle" (see gyre (n.)). Mistaken in English for a plural and shorn of its -s.