英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

miryachit (n.)[miryachit 词源字典]: "nervous disorder peculiar to Siberia, in which the patient mimics everything said or done by another," from Russian, literally "to be epileptic."[miryachit etymology, miryachit origin, 英语词源]
mis- (1): prefix meaning "bad, wrong," from Old English mis-, from Proto-Germanic *missa- "divergent, astray" (cognates: Old Frisian and Old Saxon mis-, Middle Dutch misse-, Old High German missa-, German miß-, Old Norse mis-, Gothic missa-), perhaps literally "in a changed manner," and with a root sense of "difference, change" (compare Gothic misso "mutually"), and thus from PIE *mit-to-, from root *mei- (1) "to change" (see mutable); see Watkins.

Others [Barnhart] see in Proto-Germanic *missa- the stem of an ancient past participle, related to Old English missan "fail to hit" (see miss (v.)), which is from the same PIE root.

Productive as word-forming element in Old English (as in mislæran "to give bad advice, teach amiss"). In 14c.-16c. in a few verbs its sense began to be felt as "unfavorably" and was used as an intensive prefix with verbs already expressing negative feeling (as in misdoubt). Practically a separate word in Old and early Middle English (and often written as such). Old English also had an adjective (mislic "diverse, unlike, various") and an adverb (mislice "in various directions, wrongly, astray") derived from it, corresponding to German misslich (adj.).
mis- (2): in mischief, miscreant, etc., represents Old French mes- "bad, badly, wrong, wrongly," from Vulgar Latin minus-, from Latin minus "less" (see minus), which was not used as a prefix. Perhaps influenced in Old French by *miss-, the Frankish equivalent of mis- (1).
misadventure (n.): late 13c., misaventure, from Old French mesaventure (12c.) "accident, mishap," from mesavenir "to turn out badly;" see mis- (2) + adventure (n.).
misaligned (adj.): 1903, from mis- (1) + past participle of align.
misalignment (n.): 1891, from mis- (1) + alignment.
misandry (n.): 1878, from miso- "hatred" + andros "of man, male human being" (see anthropo-). Related: Misandrist.
misanthrope (n.): "one who hates mankind," 1560s, from Greek misanthropos "hating mankind," from misein "to hate" (see miso-) + anthropos "man" (see anthropo-). Alternative form misanthropist is attested from 1650s.
misanthropic (adj.): 1762, from misanthrope + -ic. Earlier was misanthropical (1620s).
misanthropy (n.): 1650s, from Greek misanthropia "hatred of mankind," from misanthropos (see misanthrope).
misapplication (n.): c. 1600, from mis- (1) + application.
misapprehend (v.): 1640s, from mis- (1) + apprehend. Related: Misapprehended; misapprehending.
misapprehension (n.): 1620s; from mis- (1) + apprehension. Related: Misapprehensive.
misappropriate (v.): 1803, from mis- (1) + appropriate (v.). Related: Misappropriated; misappropriating.
misappropriation (n.): 1746; from mis- (1) + appropriation.
misattribution (n.): 1865, from mis- (1) + attribution.
misbefall (v.): "suffer harm, come to grief," mid-13c., from mis- (1) + befall. Related: Misbefell; misbefalling.
misbegotten (adj.): "bastard, illegitimate," 1550s, past participle adjective from obsolete misbeget (c. 1300); see mis- (1) + beget.
misbehave (v.): "conduct oneself improperly," late 15c.; see mis- (1) + behave. Related: Misbehaved; misbehaving.
misbehavior (n.): also misbehaviour, late 15c., from mis- (1) + behavior.