英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

muffler (n.)[muffler 词源字典]: 1530s as a kind of wrap for the throat, agent noun from muffle (v.); as an automobile exhaust system silencer, it is attested from 1895.[muffler etymology, muffler origin, 英语词源]
mufti (n.): 1580s, muphtie "official head of the state religion in Turkey," from Arabic mufti "judge," active participle of afta "to give," conjugated form of fata "he gave a (legal) decision" (compare fatwa). Sense of "ordinary clothes (not in uniform)" is from 1816, of unknown origin, perhaps from mufti's costume of robes and slippers in stage plays, which was felt to resemble plain clothes.
mug (n.1): "drinking vessel," 1560s, "bowl, pot, jug," of unknown origin, perhaps from Scandinavian (compare Swedish mugg "mug, jug," Norwegian mugge "pitcher, open can for warm drinks"), or Low German mokke, mukke "mug," also of unknown origin.
mug (n.2): "a person's face," 1708, possibly from mug (n.1), on notion of drinking mugs shaped like grotesque faces. Sense of "portrait or photograph in police records (as in mug shot, 1950) had emerged by 1887. Hence, also, "a person" (especially "a criminal"), 1890.
mug (v.1): "to beat up," 1818, originally "to strike the face" (in pugilism), from mug (n.2). The general meaning "attack" is first attested 1846, and "attack to rob" is from 1864. Perhaps influenced by thieves' slang mug "dupe, fool, sucker" (1851). Related: Mugged; mugging.
mug (v.2): "make exaggerated facial expressions," 1855, originally theatrical slang, from mug (n.2). Related: Mugged; mugging.
mugger (n.): 1865, agent noun from mug (v.1).
mugging (n.): "violent physical attack," 1846, verbal noun from mug (v.1). As "grimmacing, making faces," 1937, from mug (v.2).
muggins (n.): "fool, simpleton," 1855, apparently from the surname, perhaps influenced by slang mug "dupe, fool" (1859; see mug (n.2)).
muggle (n.): "marijuana, a joint," 1926, apparently originally a New Orleans word, of unknown origin.
Muggletonian (n.): 1660s, member of the sect founded by English tailor Lodowicke Muggleton (1609-1698).
muggy (adj.): 1731, from mugen "to drizzle" (late 14c.), from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse mugga "drizzling mist," possibly from PIE *meug- "slimy, slippery" (see mucus).
Mughal: variant transliteration of mogul (n.1).
mugshot (n.): also mug shot, 1950; see mug (n.2) + shot (n.) in the photographic sense.
mugwort (n.): Old English mugcwyrt, literally "midge wort," from West Germanic *muggiwurti, from *muggjo- "fly" (see midge) + root of wort.
mugwump (n.): 1832, jocular for "great man, boss, important person," American English, from Algonquian (Natick) mugquomp "important person" (derived from mugumquomp "war leader"); used from 1884 of Republicans who refused to support James G. Blaine's presidential candidacy, hence "one who holds himself aloof from party politics."
Muhammad: 1610s, Mohammed, Arabic masc. proper name, literally "the Praiseworthy," name of the prophet of Islam (c.570-632). The earliest forms of his name in English were Mahum, Mahimet (c. 1200); originally also used confusedly for "an idol." Wyclif has Macamethe (c. 1380), and Makomete also turns up in 14c. documents. Mahomet was common until 19c.; see Mohammed.
mujahidin (n.): also mujahideen, 1958, in a Pakistani context, from Persian and Arabic, plural of mujahid "one who fights in a jihad" (q.v.); in modern use, "Muslim guerilla insurgent."
mulatto (n.): 1590s, "offspring of a European and a black African," from Spanish or Portuguese mulato "of mixed breed," literally "young mule," from mulo "mule," from Latin mulus (fem. mula) "mule" (see mule (n.1)); possibly in reference to hybrid origin of mules. As an adjective from 1670s. Fem. mulatta is attested from 1620s; mulattress from 1805.
American culture, even in its most rigidly segregated precincts, is patently and irrevocably composite. It is, regardless of all the hysterical protestations of those who would have it otherwise, incontestibly mulatto. Indeed, for all their traditional antagonisms and obvious differences, the so-called black and so-called white people of the United States resemble nobody else in the world so much as they resemble each other. [Albert Murray, "The Omni-Americans: Black Experience & American Culture," 1970]
Old English had sunderboren "born of disparate parents."
mulberry (n.): late 14c., developed from 13c. morberie, or cognate Middle High German mul-beri (alteration by dissimilation of Old High German mur-beri, Modern German Maulbeere); both from Latin morum "mulberry, blackberry," + Old English berie, Old High German beri "berry." The Latin word probably is from Greek moron "mulberry," from PIE *moro- "blackberry, mulberry" (cognates: Armenian mor "blackberry," Middle Irish merenn, Welsh merwydden "mulberry"). Children's singing game with a chorus beginning "Here we go round the mulberry bush" is attested from 1820s, first in Scotland.