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maddening (adj.)[maddening 词源字典]: 1743, from present participle of madden. Related: Maddeningly.[maddening etymology, maddening origin, 英语词源]
madder (n.): type of plant (in modern use Rubia tinctorum) used for making dyes, Old English mædere, from PIE *modhro- "dye plant" (cognates: Old Norse maðra, Old High German matara "madder," Polish modry, Czech modry "blue").
madding (adj.): present participle adjective from obsolete verb mad "to make insane; to become insane" (see madden); now principally in the phrase far from the madding crowd, title of a novel by Hardy (1874), who lifted it from a line of Gray's "Elegy" (1749), which seems to echo a line from Drummond of Hawthornden from 1614 ("Farre from the madding Worldling's hoarse discords").
maddish (adj.): 1570s, from mad (adj.) + -ish.
made (adj.): late 14c., from Middle English maked, from Old English macod "made," past participle of macian "to make" (see make). Made up "invented" is from 1789; of minds, "settled, decided," from 1873. To be a made man is in Marlowe's "Faust" (1590). To have it made (1955) is American English colloquial. Grose's dictionary of slang and cant (1785) has for this word what might be the shortest and most cynical definition ever penned: "MADE. Stolen. Cant."
Madeira (n.): white wine, 1540s, from island of Madeira in the Atlantic, from Portuguese madeira "wood," because the island formerly was thickly wooded, from Latin materia "wood, matter" (see matter).
Madeleine: fem. proper name, variation of Madeline. The kind of small, rich confection is attested from 1845, said in OED to be named for Madeleine Paulmier, 19c. French pastry cook; any use with a sense of "small thing that evokes powerful nostalgia" is due to Proust (1922).
Madeline: fem. proper name, from French Magdalene (q.v.). Compare also Madeleine.
mademoiselle: mid-15c., "unmarried Frenchwoman," from French mademoiselle (12c.), from a compound of ma dameisele (see damsel), literally "young mistress."
Madge: pet form of fem. proper name Margaret.
MADGE. The private parts of a woman. [Grose, "Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue," London, 1785]
madhouse (n.): 1680s, from mad + house (n.). Figurative use by 1919.
Madison: surname attested from early 15c., probably in many cases a variant of Mathieson "son of Matthew," but in some cases perhaps "son of Maddy," from the pet form of the fem. proper name Maud. The city in Wisconsin, U.S., was named 1836 for U.S. President James Madison, who had died that year. As the name of a popular dance of 1960, its signification is unknown; supposedly it originated in Baltimore.
Madison Avenue: "values and business of advertising and public relations," 1954, from the street in Manhattan, laid out c. 1836 and named for U.S. President James Madison. The concentration of advertising agencies there seems to date from the 1940s.
madly (adv.): early 13c., from mad (adj.) + -ly (2). Colloquial meaning "passionately" had emerged by 18c.
madman (n.): early 14c., mad man, from mad (adj.) + man (n.). One-word form attested from c. 1400, prevalent from 16c.
madness (n.): late 14c., "insanity, dementia; rash or irrational conduct," from mad (adj.) + -ness. Sense of "foolishness" is from early 15c.
madonna (n.): 1580s, "Italian lady," from Italian madonna, from Old Italian ma donna (Italian mia donna) "my lady," from ma "my" + donna "lady," from Latin domina (see dame). Sense of "picture or statue of the Virgin Mary" is from 1640s. The U.S. singer/dancer (full name Madonna Louise Ciccone, b.1958) attained to pop stardom in fall 1984.
madras (adj.): 1833, in reference to the former Indian state of Madras (modern Chennai, a Tamil name), from which this type of bright-colored muslin cloth was exported. The British fort there dates from 1639; the name sometimes is said to be from Sanskrit mandra, a god of the underworld, but perhaps rather from Arabic madrasa "school" or Portuguese Madre (de Deus).
madrasah (n.): Islamic college, 1620s, from Arabic madrasah, literally "a place of study," from locative prefix ma- + stem of darasa "he read repeatedly, he studied," which is related to Hebrew darash (compare midrash).
Madrid: Spanish capital, of unknown origin; first attested 932 as Majerit. Adjectival form is Madrilenian. Noun meaning "person or thing from Madrid" is Madrileño, Madrileña.