英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

ostentatious (adj.)[ostentatious 词源字典]: 1701, from ostentation + -ous. Earlier in a similar sense were ostentative (c. 1600); ostentive (1590s). Related: Ostentatiously; ostentatiousness (1650s).[ostentatious etymology, ostentatious origin, 英语词源]
osteo-: before vowels oste-, word-forming element meaning "bone, bones," from Greek osteon "bone" (see osseous).
osteology (n.): 1660s, from French ostèologie, from Modern Latin osteologia, from Greek osteon "bone" (see osseous) + -logia (see -logy).
osteopath (n.): 1897, back-formation from osteopathy.
osteopathy (n.): 1857, "disease of the bones," from Greek osteon "bone" (see osseous) + -pathy, from Greek -patheia, comb. form of pathos "suffering, disease, feeling" (see pathos). As a system of treating ailments by the manipulation of bones, it dates from 1889.
osteoporosis (n.): 1846, from osteo- + stem of Greek poros "passage, pore, voyage" (see pore (n.)) + -osis. Related: Osteoporotic.
ostinato: 1876, from Italian ostinato, literally "obstinate, persistent."
ostler (n.): late 14c., phonetic spelling of hostler.
ostomy (n.): 1957, abstracted from colostomy, etc.; ultimately from Modern Latin stoma "opening, orifice," from Greek stoma "mouth" (see stoma).
ostracise (v.): chiefly British English spelling of ostracize (q.v.); for suffix, see -ize. Related: Ostracised.
ostracism (n.): 1580s, a method of 10-year banishment in ancient Athens, by which the citizens gathered and each wrote on a potsherd or tile the name of a man they deemed dangerous to the liberties of the people, and a man whose name turned up often enough was sent away. From Middle French ostracisme (16c.), Modern Latin ostracismus, or directly from Greek ostrakismos, from ostrakizein "to ostracize," from ostrakon "tile, potsherd," from PIE *ost-r-, from root *ost- "bone" (see osseous). The Greek word is related to osteon "bone," ostreion "oyster" (and cognate with German Estrich "pavement," which is from Medieval Latin astracus "pavement," ultimately from Greek ostrakon).

A similar practice in ancient Syracuse (with banishment for five years) was by writing names on olive leaves, and thus was called petalismos.
ostracize (v.): 1640s, from Greek ostrakizein "to banish," literally "to banish by voting with potshards" (see ostracism). Figurative sense of "to exclude from society" is attested from 1640s. Related: Ostracization; ostracized; ostracizing.
ostrich (n.): early 13c., from Old French ostruce "ostrich" (Modern French autruche) and Medieval Latin ostrica, ostrigius, all from Vulgar Latin avis struthio, from Latin avis "bird" (see aviary) + Late Latin struthio "ostrich," from Greek strouthion "ostrich," from strouthos megale "big sparrow," perhaps from PIE *trozdo- "thrush" (see thrush (n.1)). The Greeks also knew the bird as strouthokamelos "camel-sparrow," for its long neck. Among its proverbial peculiarities are indiscriminate voracity (especially a habit of swallowing iron and stone to aid digestion), want of regard for its eggs, and a tendency to hide its head in the sand when pursued.
Like the Austridge, who hiding her little head, supposeth her great body obscured. [1623, recorded in OED]
Ostriches do put their heads in the sand, but ostrich farmers say they do this in search of something to eat.
Ostrogoth (n.): c. 1600, one of the "East Goths," who conquered Italy late 5c. and established, under Theodric, a kingdom there that lasted from 493 to 555 C.E., from Late Latin Ostrogothæ, from Germanic, literally "eastern Goths" from Proto-Germanic *aust(a)r- "east" (see east; for second element, see Goth; also see Visigoth), but according to Klein this is a folk corruption of an earlier Austrogoti, from a Germanic compound, the first element of which means "shining" or "splendid," from Proto-Germanic *austr-, from PIE *ausr- (see aurora), which is also, via "sunrise," the root of the Latin word for "east."
Oswald: masc. proper name, from Old English Osweald "god-power, god-ruler," from Old English os "god" (only in personal names), from PIE *ansu- "spirit" (see Oscar) + Old English (ge)weald "power."
otalgia (n.): 1650s, from Greek otalgia "earache," from ous, aus (genitive otos) "ear" (see ear (n.1)) + algos "pain" (see -algia).
other (adj.): Old English oþer "the second" (adj.), also as a pronoun, "one of the two, other," from Proto-Germanic *antharaz (cognates: Old Saxon athar, Old Frisian other, Old Norse annarr, Middle Dutch and Dutch ander, Old High German andar, German ander, Gothic anþar "other").

These are from PIE *an-tero-, variant of *al-tero- "the other of two" (source of Lithuanian antras, Sanskrit antarah "other, foreign," Latin alter), from root *al- (1) "beyond" (see alias (adv.)) + adjectival comparative suffix *-tero-. The Old English, Old Saxon, and Old Frisian forms show "a normal loss of n before fricatives" [Barnhart]. Meaning "different" is mid-13c.

Sense of "second" was detached from this word in English (which uses second, from Latin) and German (zweiter, from zwei "two") to avoid ambiguity. In Scandinavian, however, the second floor is still the "other" floor (Swedish andra, Danish anden). Also compare Old English oþergeara "next year."

The other woman "a woman with whom a man begins a love affair while he is already committed" is from 1855. The other day originally (mid-12c.) was "the next day;" later (c. 1300) "yesterday;" and now, loosely, "a day or two ago" (early 15c.). Phrase other half in reference to either the poor or the rich, is recorded from c. 1600.
La moitié du monde ne sçayt comment l'aultre vit. [Rabelais, "Pantagruel," 1532]
otherness (n.): 1580s, from other + -ness.
otherwise (adv.): contracted from Old English phrase on oðre wisan "in the other manner" (see other + wise (n.)), which in Middle English became oþre wise, and mid-14c. oþerwise. As an adjective from c. 1400.
otherworldly (adj.): 1854, from other + world + -ly (1). Otherworldliness is recorded from 1819. Phrase other world "world of idealism or fantasy, afterlife, spirit-land" is c. 1200.