英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

suppletion [suppletion 词源字典]: "The occurrence of an unrelated form to fill a gap in a conjugation (e.g. went as the past tense of go)", Middle English: from Old French, from medieval Latin suppletio(n-), from supplere 'fill up, make full' (see supply¹).[suppletion etymology, suppletion origin, 英语词源]
pleach: "Entwine or interlace (tree branches) to form a hedge or provide cover for an outdoor walkway", Late Middle English: from an Old French variant of plaissier (see plash²).
hoarding: "A large board in a public place, used to display advertisements", Early 19th century: from obsolete hoard in the same sense (probably based on Old French hourd; related to hurdle) + -ing¹.
-ice: "Forming nouns such as service, police, and abstract nouns such as avarice, justice", From Old French -ice, from Latin -itia, -itius, -itium, or from other sources by assimilation.
attaint: "Subject (someone) to attainder", Middle English (in the sense 'touch, reach, attain'): from obsolete attaint (adjective), from Old French ataint, ateint, past participle of ateindre 'bring to justice' (see attain); influenced in meaning by taint.
louvre: "Each of a set of angled slats fixed or hung at regular intervals in a door, shutter, or screen to allow air or light to pass through", Middle English (in sense 2): from Old French lover, lovier 'skylight', probably of Germanic origin and related to lodge. More The first sense recorded was to describe a domed structure on a roof with side openings for ventilation: louvre comes from Old French lover, lovier ‘skylight’, probably of Germanic origin and related to lodge ( see lobby).
riff-raff: "Disreputable or undesirable people", Late 15th century (as riff and raff): from Old French rif et raf 'one and all, every bit', of Germanic origin. More rifle from Middle English:The Old French rifler meant both ‘to plunder’ and to ‘to scratch’. The plunder sense developed via ‘search for valuables’ into ‘to search thoroughly’ (mid 17th century). The word was then re-borrowed from French in the ‘scratch’ sense for the making of grooves in the barrel of a gun (mid 17th century). These rifled guns then became known as rifles (mid 18th century). Riff-raff (Middle English), formerly written as riff and raff, is probably also from rifler combined with raffler ‘to carry off’. The sense ‘disreputable person’ would have developed in much the same way as vulgar and hoi poloi.
detent: "A catch in a machine which prevents motion until released", Late 17th century (denoting a catch in a clock): from French détente, from Old French destente, from destendre 'slacken', from des- (expressing reversal) + Latin tendere 'to stretch'.
damnify: "Cause injury to", Early 16th century: from Old French damnefier, dam(p)nifier, from late Latin damnificare 'injure, condemn', from Latin damnificus 'hurtful', from damnus 'loss, damage'.
droit: "A right or due", Late Middle English: from Old French, based on Latin directus 'straight, right, direct'.
disjoint: "Disturb the cohesion or organization of", Late Middle English (as an adjective in the sense 'disjointed'): from Old French desjoint 'separated', from the verb desjoindre (see disjoin).
rearguard: "The soldiers at the rear of a body of troops, especially those protecting a retreating army", Late Middle English (denoting the rear part of an army): from Old French rereguarde.
deserts: "What a person deserves with regard to reward or (more usually) punishment", Middle English: via Old French desert, from deservir 'serve well' (see deserve).
mure: "Imprison or shut up in an enclosed space", Late Middle English: from Old French murer, from Latin murare, from murus 'wall'.
facture: "The quality of the execution of a painting; an artist’s characteristic handling of the paint", Late Middle English (in the general sense 'construction, workmanship'): via Old French from Latin factura 'formation, manufacture', from facere 'do, make'. The current sense dates from the late 19th century.
equivoque: "An expression capable of having more than one meaning; a pun", Late Middle English (as an adjective in the sense 'equivocal'): from Old French equivoque or late Latin aequivocus (see equivocal).
gîte: "A furnished holiday house in France, typically in a rural district", French, from Old French giste; related to gésir 'to lie'.
gloze: "Make excuses for", Middle English: from Old French gloser, from glose 'a gloss, comment', based on Latin glossa (see gloss²).
devoir: "A person’s duty", Middle English: from Old French deveir, from Latin debere 'owe'. The spelling, and subsequently the pronunciation, was changed under the influence of modern French devoir.
enchase: "Decorate (a piece of jewellery or work of art) by inlaying, engraving, or carving", Late Middle English: from Old French enchasser 'set gems, encase', from en- 'in' + chasse 'a case'.
latchet: "A narrow thong or lace for fastening a shoe or sandal", Late Middle English: from Old French lachet, variant of lacet, from laz 'lace'.
cate: "A choice food; a delicacy", Late Middle English (in the sense 'selling, a bargain'): from obsolete acate 'purchasing, things purchased', from Old French acat, achat, from acater, achater 'buy', based on Latin captare 'seize', from capere 'take'.
bourdon: "A low-pitched stop in an organ or harmonium, typically a stopped diapason of 16-foot pitch", Middle English (in the sense 'drone of a bagpipe'): from Old French, 'drone', of imitative origin.
implead: "Prosecute or take proceedings against", Late Middle English emplede, from Old French empleidier, based on plaid (see plea).
parvis: "An enclosed area in front of a cathedral or church, typically surrounded with colonnades or porticoes", Late Middle English: from Old French, based on late Latin paradisus 'paradise', in the Middle Ages denoting a court in front of St Peter's, Rome.
misprize: "Fail to appreciate the value of (something); undervalue", Late 15th century: from Old French mesprisier, from mes- 'wrongly' + prisier 'estimate the value of'.
hue and cry: "A loud clamour or public outcry", Late Middle English: from the Anglo-Norman French legal phrase hu e cri, literally 'outcry and cry', from Old French hu 'outcry' (from huer 'to shout'). More In early times any person witnessing or surprising a criminal committing a crime could raise a hue and cry, calling for others to join in their pursuit and capture. In law the cry had to be raised by the inhabitants of the district in which the crime was committed, or otherwise the pursuers were liable for any damages suffered by the victim. The origin of the expression is in legal French hu e cri ‘outcry and cry’. The first element has no connection with hue ‘colour’, which is a native English word related to Swedish hy ‘skin, complexion’, and originally meant ‘form, appearance’, only developing the colour sense in the mid 19th century.
refection: "Refreshment by food or drink", Middle English: from Old French, from Latin refectio(n-), from reficere 'renew' (see refectory).
embassage: "The business or message of an envoy", Late 15th century (denoting the action of sending an envoy): from Old French ambasse 'message or embassy' + -age.
boscage: "A mass of trees or shrubs", Late Middle English: from Old French; ultimately of Germanic origin and related to bush¹. Compare with bocage.
espial: "The action of watching or catching sight of something or someone", Late Middle English (in the sense 'spying'): from Old French espiaille, from espier 'espy'.
congé: "An unceremonious dismissal or rejection of someone", Late Middle English (in the general sense 'permission to do something'): from Old French congie, from Latin commeatus 'leave of absence', from commeare 'go and come'. The word is now usually treated as equivalent to modern French.