英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

hymen (n.)[hymen 词源字典]: 1610s, from French hymen (16c.), from medical Latin, ultimately from Greek hymen "membrane (especially 'virginal membrane,' the membrane par excellence); thin skin," from PIE *syu-men-, from root *syu- "to bind, sew" (see sew). Originally any membrane; present specific meaning begins with Vesalius in the 1555 edition of De humani corporis fabrica. Apparently not directly connected to Hymen, the god of marriage, but sharing the same root and supposed to be related in folk etymology.[hymen etymology, hymen origin, 英语词源]
Hymen: 1580s, Greek god of marriage, represented as a youth carrying a torch and a veil, perhaps etymologically "the joiner," literally "the one who sews" (two together); see hymen.
hymeneal (adj.): c. 1600, "of or relating to a marriage;" as a noun, "wedding hymn," from 1717; from Latin hymenaeus, from Greek hymenaios "belonging to wedlock, wedding, wedding song," from Hymen, Greek god of marriage.
Hymenoptera: order of insects that includes ants, wasps, and bees, 1773, coined in Modern Latin 1748 by Linnæus from Greek hymen (genitive hymenos) "membrane" (see hymen) + pteron "wing" (see pterodactyl). Related: Hymenopterous.
hymie (n.): "Jewish male" (derogatory), by early 1980s, apparently originally among black Americans, from common Jewish masc. proper name Hymie, a pet form of Hyman, from Hebrew, literally "life" (the masc. counterpart of Eve).
hymn (n.): c. 1000, from Old French ymne and Old English ymen, both from Latin hymnus "song of praise," from Greek hymnos "song or ode in praise of gods or heroes," used in Septuagint for various Hebrew words meaning "song praising God." Possibly a variant of hymenaios "wedding song," from Hymen, Greek god of marriage (see hymen), or from a PIE root *sam- "to sing" (cognates: Hittite išhamai "he sings," Sanskrit saman- "hymn, song") [Watkins]. Evidence for the silent -n- dates from at least 1530.
hymnal (n.): c. 1500, imnale, himnale, from Medieval Latin hymnale, from ymnus, from Latin hymnus (see hymn). As an adjective, attested from 1640s. Hymnal measure, a quatrain, usually iambic, alternately rhymed, is so called for being the preferred verse form for English hymns (such as "Amazing Grace"), but it has been popular in English secular poetry as well, "though it almost always suggests the hymn, directly or ironically" [Miller Williams, "Patterns of Poetry," Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University, 1986].
hyoid (adj.): 1811, from French hyoïde (16c.), from Modern Latin hyoides, from Greek hyoeides "shaped like the letter U," from hu "letter U" (in later Greek called upsilon) + -oeides "like" (see -oid).
hype (n.): "excessive or misleading publicity or advertising," 1967, American English (the verb is attested from 1937), probably in part a back-formation of hyperbole, but also from underworld slang sense "swindle by overcharging or short-changing" (1926), a back-formation of hyper "short-change con man" (1914), from prefix hyper- meaning "over, to excess." Also possibly influenced by drug addicts' slang hype, 1913 shortening of hypodermic needle. Related: Hyped; hyping. In early 18c., hyp "morbid depression of the spirits" was colloquial for hypochondria (usually as the hyp or the hyps).
hyper (adj.): 1942 as a colloquial shortening of hyperactive.
hyper-: word-forming element meaning "over, above, beyond, exceedingly, to excess," from Greek hyper (prep. and adv.) "over, beyond, overmuch, above measure," from PIE super- "over" (see super-).
hyperactive (adj.): 1852, from hyper- + active.
hyperactivity (n.): 1852, from hyper- + activity.
hyperbaric (adj.): 1930, from hyper- + Greek barys "heavy," from PIE root *gwere- (2) "heavy" (see grave (adj.)) + -ic.
hyperbaton (n.): 1570s, "figure of speech in which the natural order of words or phrases is inverted, especially for the sake of emphasis," from Greek hyperbaton, literally "overstepping," from hyper "over" + bainein "to step" (see come).
hyperbola (n.): 1660s, from Latinized form of Greek hyperbole "extravagance," literally "a throwing beyond" (see hyperbole). Perhaps so called because the inclination of the plane to the base of the cone exceeds that of the side of the cone.
hyperbole (n.): early 15c., from Latin hyperbole, from Greek hyperbole "exaggeration, extravagance," related to hyperballein "to throw over or beyond," from hyper- "beyond" + bole "a throwing, a casting, the stroke of a missile, bolt, beam," from bol-, nominative stem of ballein "to throw" (see ballistics). Rhetorical sense is found in Aristotle and Isocrates.
hyperbolic (adj.): 1640s (iperbolical is from early 15c.), from Greek hyperbolikos "extravagant," from hyperbole "extravagance," literally "a throwing beyond" (see hyperbole). Geometric sense is from 1670s. Related: Hyperbolically.
hyperborean (adj.): 1590s, from Late Latin hyperboreanus, from Latin hyperboreus, from Greek hyperboreos "pertaining to the regions of the far north," from hyper (see hyper-) + Boreas (see boreal). The Hyperboreans were an imagined Arctic people believed by the ancients to be distinguished by piety and happiness. Middle English had iperborie "the far north of the Earth" (mid-15c.).
hypercritical (adj.): c. 1600, from hyper- + critical.