英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

hydration (n.)[hydration 词源字典]: 1854, noun of action from hydrate.[hydration etymology, hydration origin, 英语词源]
hydraulic (adj.): c. 1600, from Greek hydraulikos organon "water organ," from hydr-, stem of hydor "water" (see water (n.1)) + aulos "musical instrument, hollow tube" (see alveolus). Extended by the Romans to other kinds of water engines.
hydraulics (n.): 1670s, from hydraulic; also see -ics.
hydric (adj.): 1796 as a term in chemistry, "of or containing hydrogen;" 1918 in ecology; see hydro- + -ic.
hydro: short for hydroelectric, from 1916.
hydro-: before vowels hydr-, word-forming element meaning "water," from Greek hydro-, comb. form of hydor "water" (see water (n.1)). Also sometimes a comb. form of hydrogen.
hydrocarbon (n.): "compound of hydrogen and carbon," 1826, formed in English from hydrogen + carbon.
hydrocephalus (n.): 1660s, medical Latin, from Greek hydro- "water" (see water (n.1)) + kephale "head" (see cephalo-). Related: Hydrocephalic; hydrocephalous.
hydrochloric (adj.): 1817, in hydrochloric acid (proposed 1814 by Gay-Lussac); see hydro- + chloric (see chlorine).
hydrodynamic (adj.): 1828, from hydro- + dynamic (adj.). Related: Hydrodynamics (1779).
hydroelectric (adj.): 1827, formed in English from hydro- + electric. Related: Hydroelectricity.
hydrofoil (n.): 1959, "boat that travels through water on wings," short for hydrofoil boat, originally the name of the "wings" themselves (1920); formed in English from hydro- + foil (n.).
hydrogen (n.): 1791, from French hydrogène, coined 1787 by G. de Morveau, Lavoisier, Berthollet, and Fourcroy from Greek hydr-, stem of hydor "water" (see water (n.1)) + French -gène "producing" (see -gen). So called because it forms water when exposed to oxygen. Nativized in Russian as vodorod; in German, it is wasserstoff, "water-stuff." An earlier name for it in English was Cavendish's inflammable air (1767). Hydrogen bomb first recorded 1947; shortened form H-bomb is from 1950.
hydrogenate (v.): 1809, from hydrogen + -ate (2). Related: Hydrogenated; hydrogenation.
hydrography (n.): 1550s, from hydro- + -graphy. Related: Hydrographic
hydrology (n.): 1762, from hydro- + -logy. Related: Hydrologist; hydrological (1660s).
hydrolysis (n.): "chemical decomposition by water," 1880, formed in English from hydro- + Greek lysis "a loosening, a dissolution," from lyein "to loosen, dissolve" (see lose).
hydrometer (n.): 1670s, from hydro- + meter (n.3).
hydrophobia (n.): late 14c., idroforbia, a symptom of rabies in man (sometimes used for the disease itself), from Late Latin hydrophobia (Celsius, 50 C.E.), from Greek hydrophobos "dreading water," from hydr-, stem of hydor "water" (see water (n.1)) + phobos "dread, fear" (see phobia). So called because human sufferers show aversion to water and have difficulty swallowing it. In Old English as wæterfyrhtness.
hydrophobic (adj.): 1807, from hydrophobia + -ic.