英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

locution (n.)[locution 词源字典]: "style of speech," early 15c., from Latin locutionem (nominative locutio) "a speaking, speech, discourse; way of speaking," noun of action from past participle stem of loqui "to speak," from PIE root *tolk(w)- (cognates: Old Irish ad-tluch- "to thank," to-tluch- "to ask;" Old Church Slavonic tloko "interpretation, explanation"). Related: Locutionary.[locution etymology, locution origin, 英语词源]
lode (n.): original Middle English spelling of load (n.), and custodian of most of the original meaning of "way, course, carrying." Differentiation in sense took place 16c. Mining sense of "vein of metal ore" is from c. 1600, from notion of miners "following" it through the rock.
loden (n.): "coarse woolen cloth," 1880, from German loden "thick woolen cloth."
lodestar (n.): late 14c. (late 13c. as a surname), an old name for the pole star (compare Old Norse leiðarstjarna) as the star that "leads the way" in navigation; from lode (n.) + star (n.). Figurative use from late 14c.
lodestone (n.): "magnetically polarized oxide of iron," 1510s, literally "way-stone," from lode + stone (n.). So called because it was used to make compass magnets to guide mariners. Figurative use from 1570s.
lodge (n.): mid-13c. in surnames and place names; late 13c. as "small building or hut," from Old French loge "arbor, covered walk; hut, cabin, grandstand at a tournament," from Frankish *laubja "shelter" (cognate with Old High German louba "porch, gallery," German Laube "bower, arbor"), from Proto-Germanic *laubja- "shelter," likely originally "shelter of foliage," or "roof made from bark," from root of leaf (n.).

"Hunter's cabin" sense is first recorded late 14c. Sense of "local branch of a society" is first recorded 1680s, from mid-14c. logge "workshop of masons." Also used of certain American Indian buildings, hence lodge-pole (1805). Feste of Logges (c. 1400) was a Middle English rendition of the Old Testament Jewish Feast of Tabernacles.
lodge (v.): c. 1200, loggen, "to encamp, set up camp;" c. 1300 "to put in a certain place," from Old French logier "lodge; find lodging for" (Modern French loger), from loge (see lodge (n.)). From late 14c. as "to dwell, live; to have temporary accomodations; to provide (someone) with sleeping quarters; to get lodgings." Sense of "to get a thing in the intended place, to make something stick" is from 1610s. Related: Lodged; lodging.
lodgement (n.): 1590s, from French logement (14c.) "accommodation, lodgings," from Old French logier (see lodge (v.)).
lodger (n.): early 14c., originally "tent-dweller," agent noun from lodge (v.). From c. 1200 as a surname. Meaning "one who lives in rented rooms" is from 1590s.
lodging (n.): early 14c., "encampment;" late 14c., "temporary accommodation; place of residence," verbal noun from lodge (v.). Related: Lodgings.
loess (n.): 1833 (in Lyell), "unstratified deposit of loam," coined 1823 by German mineralogist Karl Cäsar von Leonhard (1779-1862) from German Löss "yellowish-gray soil," from Swiss German lösch (adj.) "loose" (compare German los; see loose). Related: Loessial.
loft (v.): "to hit a ball high in the air," 1856, originally in golf, from loft (n.). Related: Lofted; lofting. An earlier sense was "to put a loft on" (a building), 1560s; also "to store (goods) in a loft" (1510s).
loft (n.): "an upper chamber," c. 1300, from late Old English loft "the sky; the sphere of the air," from Old Norse lopt "air, sky," originally "upper story, loft, attic" (Scandinavian -pt- pronounced like -ft-), from Proto-Germanic *luftuz "air, sky" (cognates: Old English lyft, Dutch lucht, Old High German luft, German Luft, Gothic luftus "air").

Sense development is from "loft, ceiling" to "sky, air." Buck suggests ultimate connection with Old High German louft "bark," louba "roof, attic," etc., with development from "bark" to "roof made of bark" to "ceiling," though this did not directly inform the meaning "air, sky." But Watkins says this is "probably a separate Germanic root." Meaning "gallery in a church" first attested c. 1500.
lofty (adj.): "exalted, of high rank," early 15c.; also "with a high purpose," from loft + -y (2). From early 14c. as a surname. Literal sense of "high" is attested from 1580s. Related: Loftily; loftiness.
log (n.1): unshaped large piece of tree, early 14c., of unknown origin. Old Norse had lag "felled tree" (from stem of liggja "to lie"), but on phonological grounds many etymologists deny that this is the root of English log. Instead, they suggest an independent formation meant to "express the notion of something massive by a word of appropriate sound." OED compares clog (n.) in its original Middle English sense "lump of wood." Log cabin (1770) in American English has been a figure of the honest pioneer since the 1840 presidential campaign of William Henry Harrison. Falling off a log as a type of something easy to do is from 1839.
log (v.2): "to enter into a log-book," 1823, from log (n.2). Meaning "to attain (a speed) as noted in a log" is recorded by 1883. Related: Logged; logging.
log (n.2): "record of observations, readings, etc.," 1842, sailor's shortening of log-book "daily record of a ship's speed, progress, etc." (1670s), from log (n.1). The book so called because a wooden float at the end of a line was cast out to measure a ship's speed. General sense by 1913.
log (v.1): "to fell a tree," 1717; earlier "to strip a tree" (1690s), from log (n.1). Related: Logged; logging.
log in (v.): 1963 in the computing sense, from log (v.2) + in (adv.).
loganberry (n.): 1893, American English, named for U.S. horticulturalist James H. Logan (1841-1928), who developed it by crossing a blackberry and a raspberry.