英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

lock-jaw (n.)[lock-jaw 词源字典]: also lockjaw, 1786, earlier locked-jaw (1765), popular name for trismus, also applied to tetanus, from lock (v.) + jaw.[lock-jaw etymology, lock-jaw origin, 英语词源]
lock-step (n.): 1802, in military writing, for a very tight style of mass marching, from lock (n.) + step (n.).
Lock-step. A mode of marching by a body of men going one after another as closely as possible, in which the leg of each moves at the same time with and closely follows the corresponding leg of the person directly before him. [Thomas Wilhelm, "Military Dictionary and Gazetteer," Philadelphia, 1881]
Figurative use by 1836.
lock-up (n.): "detention cell for offenders," 1838, perhaps short for earlier lock-up house; from lock (v.) + up. Meaning "action of locking up" is from 1845. The verbal phrase lock up is recorded from early 15c.
lockable (adj.): 1832, from lock (v.) + -able. Related: Lockability.
lockdown (n.): also lock-down, from 1940s in various mechanical senses, from lock (v.) + down (adv.). Prison sense is by 1975, American English.
locker (n.): small chest that can be locked, late 14c., agent noun from Middle English lokken (see lock (v.)). Earlier "a mechanism for locking" (early 14c.).
locket (n.): mid-14c., "iron cross-bar of a window," from Old French loquet "door-handle, bolt, latch," diminutive of loc "lock, latch," from Frankish or some other Germanic source (compare Old Norse lok "fastening, lock;" see lock (n.1)). Meaning "ornamental case with hinged cover" (containing a lock of hair, miniature portrait, etc.) first recorded 1670s.
lockout (n.): also lock-out, "act of locking out workers," 1854, from lock (v.) + out.
locksmith (n.): early 13c., from lock (n.1) + smith.
loco (adj.): 1844, American English, from Spanish loco (adj.) "insane," of uncertain origin, perhaps from Arabic lauqa, fem. of 'alwaq "fool, crazy person." Loco-weed (1877) was name given to species of western U.S. plants that cause cattle and horse diseases that make them stagger and act strangely.
loco-: word-forming element meaning "from place to place," from comb. form of Latin locus (see locus).
loco-foco (n.): "self-igniting cigar or match," 1839 (but presumably older), American English, of unknown origin, perhaps from a misapprehension of the meaning of the first element of locomotive as "self-" + Spanish fuego "fire." During one heated political meeting in N.Y., the lights went out and the delegates used such matches to relight them, thence the name loco-foco entered U.S. political jargon (1837), usually applied to a radical faction of the Democratic Party, but by the Whigs applied to all Democrats.
locomote (v.): 1831, back-formation from locomotion.
locomotion (n.): 1640s, formed in English from Latin loco "from a place" (ablative of locus "place") + motionem (nominative motio) "motion, a moving."
locomotive (adj.): 1610s, "pertaining to movement," from French locomotif, from Latin loco "from a place" (ablative of locus "place;" see locus) + Late Latin motivus "moving" (see motive). The noun meaning "railroad engine" is from 1829, short for locomotive engine (1814).
locomotor (adj.): 1822, from Latin loco "from a place" (ablative of locus "place") + motor.
locum tenens (n.): Medieval Latin, "one who holds the place (of another);" from locum (nominative locus; see locus) + tenens, present participle of tenere (see tenant).
locus (n.): (plural loci), 1715, "locality," from Latin locus "a place, spot, position," from Old Latin stlocus, literally "where something is placed," from PIE root *st(h)el- "to cause to stand, to place." Used by Latin writers for Greek topos. Mathematical sense by 1750.
locust (n.1): "grasshopper," early 14c., borrowed earlier in Old French form languste (c. 1200), from Latin locusta "locust, lobster" (see lobster).
In the Hebrew Bible there are nine different names for the insect or for particular species or varieties; in the English Bible they are rendered sometimes 'locust,' sometimes 'beetle,' 'grasshopper,' 'caterpillar,' 'palmerworm,' etc. The precise application of several names is unknown. [OED]
locust (n.2): North American tree, 1630s, originally "carob tree" (1610s), whose fruit supposedly resembled the insect (see locust (n.1)). Greek akris "locust" often was applied in the Levant to carob pods. Soon applied in English to other trees as well.