英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

local (adj.)[local 词源字典]: "pertaining to position," late 14c. (originally medical, "confined to a particular part of the body"), from Old French local (13c.) and directly from Late Latin localis "pertaining to a place," from Latin locus "place" (see locus). The meaning "limited to a particular place" is from c. 1500. Local color is from 1721, originally a term in painting; meaning "anything picturesque" is from c. 1900.[local etymology, local origin, 英语词源]
local (n.): early 15c., "a medicament applied to a particular part of the body," from local (adj.). Meaning "inhabitant of a particular locality" is from 1825. The meaning "a local train" is from 1879; "local branch of a trade union" is from 1888; "neighborhood pub" is from 1934.
locale (n.): 1772, local, from French local, noun use of local (adj.), from Latin locus "place" (see locus). English spelling with -e (1816) probably is based on morale or else to indicate stress.
The word's right to exist depends upon the question whether the two indispensable words locality & scene give all the shades of meaning required, or whether something intermediate is useful. [Fowler]
localism (n.): "attachment to a particular locality," 1803, from local (adj.) + -ism. Meaning "something characteristic of a particular locality" is from 1823.
localist (n.): 1680s, from local (adj.) + -ist. Related: Localistic.
localitis (n.): "obsession with the problems of one's locality and consequent failure to see big pictures," 1943, from local (adj.) + transferred use of medical suffix -itis.
locality (n.): 1620s, "fact of having a place," from French localité, from Late Latin localitatem (nominative localitas) "locality," from localis "belonging to a place" (see local). Meaning "a place or district" is from 1830.
localization (n.): 1811, noun of action from localize.
localize (v.): 1792, from local + -ize. Related: Localized; localizing.
locally (adv.): mid-15c., from local (adj.) + -ly (2).
locate (v.): 1650s, "to establish oneself in a place, settle," from Latin locatus, past participle of locare "to place, put, set, dispose, arrange," from locus "a place" (see locus). Sense of "mark the limits of a place" (especially a land grant) is attested from 1739 in American English; this developed to "establish (something) in a place" (1807) and "to find out the place of" (1882, American English). Related: Located; locating.
location (n.): "position, place," 1590s, from Latin locationem (nominative locatio), noun of action from past participle stem of locare (see locate); Hollywood sense of "place outside a film studio where a scene is filmed" is from 1914.
locative (n.): "grammatical case indicating place," 1804, from Latin locus "place" (see locus) on model of Latin vocativus "vocative," from vocatus, past participle of vocare "to call, summon." As an adjective by 1816.
locator (n.): c. 1600, of persons, from Latin locator, agent noun from locare (see locate). Of things which locate, from 1902.
locavore (n.): one who eats only locally grown or raised food, by 2001, from local + ending abstracted from carnivore, etc., ultimately from Latin vorare "to devour" (see voracity).
loch (n.): late 14c., from Gaelic loch "lake, narrow arm of the sea," cognate with Old Irish loch "body of water, lake," Breton lagen, Anglo-Irish lough, Latin lacus (see lake (n.1)). The Loch Ness monster is first attested 1933.
lochia (n.): "discharge from the uterus after childbirth," 1680s, Modern Latin, from Greek lokhia, neuter plural of lokhios "pertaining to childbirth," from lokhos "a lying in, childbirth," also, "an ambush," from PIE root *legh- "to lie, lay" (see lie (v.2)).
lock (n.1): "means of fastening," Old English loc "bolt, fastening; barrier, enclosure," from Proto-Germanic *lukan (cognates: Old Norse lok "fastening, lock," Gothic usluks "opening," Old High German loh "dungeon," German Loch "opening, hole," Dutch luik "shutter, trapdoor"). "The great diversity of meaning in the Teut. words seems to indicate two or more independent but formally identical substantival formations from the root."

The Old English sense "barrier, enclosure" led to the specific meaning "barrier on a river" (c. 1300), and the more specific sense "gate and sluice system on a water channel used as a means of raising and lowering boats" (1570s). Wrestling sense is from c. 1600. Phrase under lock and key attested from early 14c.
lock (n.2): "tress of hair," Old English locc "lock of hair, curl," from Proto-Germanic *lukkoz (cognates: Old Norse lokkr, Old Saxon, Old Frisian, Dutch lok, Old High German loc, German Locke "lock of hair"), from PIE *lugnos-, perhaps related to Greek lygos "pliant twig, withe," Lithuanian lugnas "flexible."
lock (v.): "to fasten with a lock," c. 1300, from Old English lucan "to lock, to close" (class II strong verb; past tense leac, past participle locen), from the same root as lock (n.1). Cognate with Old Frisian luka "to close," Old Saxon lukan, Old High German luhhan, Old Norse luka, Gothic galukan. Meaning "to embrace closely" is from 1610s. Related: Locked; locking. Slang lock horns "fight" is from 1839.