英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

parry (v.)[parry 词源字典]: 1630s, from French parez! (which commonly would have been heard in fencing lessons), imperative of parer "ward off," from Italian parare "to ward or defend a blow" (see para- (2)). Related: Parried; parrying. Non-fencing use is from 1718. The noun is 1705, from the verb.[parry etymology, parry origin, 英语词源]
parse (v.): 1550s, "to state the parts of speech in a sentence," verb use of Middle English pars (n.) "part of speech" (c. 1300), from Old French pars, plural of part "part," from Latin pars (see part (n.)) in school question, Quae pars orationis? "What part of speech?" Transferred (non-grammatical) use is from 1788. Pars was a common plural of part (n.) in early Middle English. Related: Parsed; parsing.
parsec (n.): interstellar distance measure, 1913, from first elements of parallax second. It is the distance at which an object has parallax (viewed from Earth) of one second of arc, or about 3.26 light-years.
Parsee (n.): 1610s, descendant of Zoroastrians who fled to India 7c.-8c. after Muslim conquest of Persia, from Old Persian parsi "Persian" (see Persian). In Middle English, Parsees meant "Persians."
parsimonious (adj.): 1590s, from Latin parsimonia "frugality, thrift" (see parsimony) + -ous. Not originally with the suggestion of stinginess. Related: Parsimoniously; parsimoniousness.
parsimony (n.): early 15c., from Latin parsimonia "sparingness, frugality, thrift," from pars-, past participle stem of parcere "to spare, save, refrain from, use moderately" (which is said to be unrelated to Latin parvus "small," parum "too little") + -monia, suffix signifying action, state, or condition.
parsley (n.): 14c. merger of Old English petersilie and Old French peresil (13c., Modern French persil), both from Medieval Latin petrosilium, from Latin petroselinum, from Greek petroselinon "rock-parsley," from petros "rock, stone" + selinon "celery" (see celery).
parsnip (n.): 16c., parsnepe, corruption (by influence of Middle English nepe "turnip;" see neep) of Middle English passenep (late 14c.), from Old French pasnaise "parsnip," also "male member" (Modern French panais), from Latin pastinaca "parsnip, carrot," from pastinum "two-pronged fork" (related to pastinare "to dig up the ground"); so called from the shape of the root. The parsnip was considered a kind of turnip.
parson (n.): late 12c., from Anglo-French and Old French persone "curate, parson, holder of Church office" (12c.), from Medieval Latin persona "parson" (see person). Ecclesiastical use is obscure; it might refer to the "person" legally holding church property, or it may be an abbreviation of persona ecclesiae "person of the church."
parsonage (n.): "house for a parson," late 15c., from parson + -age. Earlier it meant "benefice of a parson" (late 14c.).
part (n.): mid-13c., "division, portion of a whole," from Old French part "share, portion; character; power, dominion; side, way, path," from Latin partem (nominative pars) "a part, piece, a share, a division; a party or faction; a part of the body; a fraction; a function, office," related to portio "share, portion," from PIE root *pere- (2) "to assign, grant, allot" (reciprocally, "to get in return;" cognates: Greek peprotai "it has been granted," Sanskrit purtam "reward," Hittite parshiya- "fraction, part").

It has replaced native deal (n.) in most senses. Theatrical sense (late 15c.) is from an actor's "share" in a performance (The Latin plural partis was used in the same sense). Meaning "the parting of the hair" is 1890, American English.

As an adjective from 1590s. Late Old English part "part of speech" did not survive and the modern word is considered a separate borrowing. Phrase for the most part is from late 14c. To take part "participate" is from late 14c.
part (v.): c. 1200, "to divide into parts; separate oneself," from Old French partir "to divide, separate" (10c.), from Latin partire, partere "to share, part, distribute, divide," from pars (see part (n.)).

Sense of "to separate (someone from someone else)" is from early 14c.; that of "to take leave" is from early 15c. Meaning "to separate the hair" is attested from 1610s. Related: Parted; parting. To part with "surrender" is from c. 1300.
part of speech (n.): c. 1500, translating Latin pars orationis (see parse). Noun, adjective, pronoun, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. Sometimes article and participle are counted among them.
part-time (adj.): also parttime, 1891, from part (n.) + time (n.). Related: Part-timer.
partake (v.): 1560s, back-formation from Middle English part-taking (late 14c.), or part-taker (c. 1400), both translations of Latin particeps "participant" (n.), also "sharing, partaking" (see participation). Related: Partook; partaking.
partaker (n.): c. 1400, from part (n.) + agent noun from take (v.); see partake.
parterre (n.): 1630s, from French parterre (1540s), from adverbial phrase par terre "over the ground;" see par + terrain
parthenic (adj.): "of or of the nature of a virgin," 1866, from Greek parthenikos, from parthenos "virgin" (see Parthenon).
parthenogenesis (n.): "reproduction without fertilization," 1849, from Greek parthenos "virgin," of unknown origin, + -genesis "birth, origin, creation." Related: Parthenogenetic.
Parthenon (n.): name of the temple of Athena on the Acropolis in Athens, Greek, literally "temple of the virgin goddess" (Athene), from parthenos "virgin, maiden, girl," of unknown origin.